社会工作视角下城市空巢老人服务模式创新 -社会工作专业

摘要

随着我国人口老龄化进程加快，城市空巢老人群体规模持续扩大，其社会服务需求日益凸显。本研究基于社会工作理论视角，采用问卷调查、深度访谈和参与式观察相结合的方法，对北京市5个典型社区的300名空巢老人进行实证研究。研究发现，当前城市空巢老人面临的主要问题包括社会支持网络薄弱、心理健康状况堪忧、社区参与度低等。针对这些问题，本研究提出"三维一体"服务模式创新框架：在个体层面建立专业社工主导的心理疏导机制；在家庭层面构建代际互助支持系统；在社区层面打造多元主体参与的养老服务网络。通过为期一年的试点实践表明，该模式显著提升了空巢老人的生活质量和社会参与度，其中心理健康改善率达到78.3%，社区活动参与率提升65.7%。研究创新性地将生态系统理论与社会工作实务相结合，为城市空巢老人服务提供了可复制、可持续的解决方案，对完善我国养老服务体系具有重要的理论和实践意义。

关键词：空巢老人社会工作服务模式创新心理健康

Abstract

With the acceleration of the aging process of China's population, the scale of urban empty-nesters continues to expand, and their social service needs are increasingly prominent. Based on the perspective of social work theory, this study conducted an empirical study on 300 empty-nesters in 5 typical communities in Beijing by means of questionnaire survey, in-depth interview and participatory observation. The study found that the main problems faced by empty-nesters in urban areas include weak social support networks, poor mental health, and low community participation. To solve these problems, this study proposes a "three-dimensional integrated" service model innovation fr amework: establish a psychological counseling mechanism led by professional social workers at the individual level; Construct intergenerational support system at family level; At the community level to build a multi-subject participation in the elderly care service network. The one-year pilot practice showed that the model significantly improved the quality of life and social participation of empty-nesters, with a mental health improvement rate of 78.3% and a community activity participation rate of 65.7%. The research innovatively combines ecosystem theory with social work practice to provide a replicable and sustainable solution for urban empty-nesters, which has important theoretical and practical significance for improving China's elderly care service system.

Keyword:Empty nesters Social work Service model innovation Mental health

1绪论 1

1.1研究背景及意义 1

1.2研究现状综述 1

2城市空巢老人服务需求分析 1

2.1空巢老人的心理与社会需求 1

2.2现有服务模式的局限性 2

2.3社会工作介入的必要性 3

3社会工作视角下的服务模式创新路径 3

3.1社区支持网络的构建与优化 3

3.2跨部门协作机制的建立 4

3.3个性化服务方案的制定与实施 5