社会工作在灾害救援中的方法与模式创新研究 -社会工作专业

摘要

随着全球气候变化和城市化进程的加速，灾害频发对社会造成巨大冲击，传统救援模式面临诸多挑战。本研究聚焦社会工作在灾害救援中的角色转变与方法创新，旨在探索适应新时代需求的社会工作介入模式。通过对国内外典型灾害案例进行系统分析，全面梳理了社会工作者在灾前预防、灾中响应及灾后重建三个阶段的具体实践路径。社会工作不仅能够提供心理疏导、资源链接等基础服务，更应在风险管理、社区动员、跨部门协作等方面发挥引领作用。创新性地提出了“全周期干预”理念，强调将社会工作专业优势贯穿于灾害治理全过程，构建以社区为本、多元主体协同参与的新型救援体系。该模式突破了以往单一功能定位，实现了从应急救助向综合防灾减灾的转变，为提升我国灾害应对能力提供了理论依据与实践参考，具有重要的现实意义和应用价值。

关键词：社会工作灾害救援全周期干预

Abstract

With the acceleration of global climate change and urbanization, frequent disasters have a huge impact on society, and the traditional rescue model is facing many challenges. This study focuses on the role change and method innovation of social work in disaster relief, aiming to explore the social work intervention model that ADAPTS to the needs of the new era. Through the systematic analysis of typical disaster cases at home and abroad, the paper comprehensively combs the concrete practice paths of social workers in the three stages of pre-disaster prevention, response and post-disaster reconstruction. Social work can not only provide basic services such as psychological counseling and resource links, but also play a leading role in risk management, community mobilization, and cross-sectoral collaboration. The concept of "full cycle intervention" was innovatively proposed, emphasizing the professional advantages of social work throughout the whole process of disaster management, and building a new type of relief system based on community and collaborative participation of multiple subjects. This model breaks through the previous single function positioning, realizes the transformation from emergency relief to comprehensive disaster prevention and reduction, provides theoretical basis and practical reference for improving China's disaster response ability, and has important practical significance and application value.

Keyword:Social Work Disaster Relief Whole-cycle Intervention

1绪论 1

1.1研究背景与意义 1

1.2国内外研究现状 1

2灾害救援中社会工作的理论基础 1

2.1社会工作基本理论 2

2.2灾害管理理论框架 2

2.3社会工作与灾害救援的结合点 3

3社会工作在灾害救援中的方法创新 3

3.1快速评估技术的应用 4

3.2危机干预模式优化 4

3.3社区为本的服务策略 5