摘 要
智力障碍学生的生活自理能力培养是特殊教育领域的重要课题，其研究背景源于此类学生在日常生活中面临诸多挑战，亟需科学有效的干预策略。本研究旨在探索适合智力障碍学生的个性化生活自理能力培养方案，通过系统分析其需求与障碍特征，提出针对性的教育干预措施。研究采用混合研究方法，结合问卷调查、案例分析和行动研究，选取某特殊教育学校为样本，对30名智力障碍学生进行为期一年的跟踪观察与实践干预。结果表明，基于任务分解与正向强化的训练模式显著提升了学生的自我服务能力和独立性，特别是在个人卫生、饮食管理和简单家务方面成效显著。此外，研究创新性地引入家庭-学校协同机制，强调环境支持与个性化目标设定的重要性，为同类研究提供了可借鉴的实践框架。研究表明，科学的干预策略能够有效促进智力障碍学生的生活自理能力发展，为其未来融入社会奠定基础。
关键词：智力障碍学生；生活自理能力；个性化干预
Abstract
The cultivation of self-care abilities among students with intellectual disabilities is a significant topic in the field of special education, rooted in the numerous challenges these students face in daily life and their urgent need for scientifically effective intervention strategies. This study aims to explore personalized self-care training programs tailored for students with intellectual disabilities by systematically analyzing their needs and障碍 characteristics, and proposing targeted educational interventions. A mixed-methods approach was employed, integrating questionnaires, case analysis, and action research, with a sample special education school selected for the study. Thirty students with intellectual disabilities were tracked and subjected to practical interventions over a one-year period. The results indicate that a training model based on task decomposition and positive reinforcement significantly enhanced the students' self-service capabilities and independence, particularly in personal hygiene, dietary management, and simple household chores. Additionally, this study innovatively introduced a home-school collaborative mechanism, emphasizing the importance of environmental support and personalized goal setting, thereby providing a replicable practical fr amework for similar research. The findings demonstrate that scientific intervention strategies can effectively promote the development of self-care abilities among students with intellectual disabilities, laying a foundation for their future social integration.
Keywords: Intellectual Disability Students；Self-Care Ability；Individualized Intervention
目 录
一、绪论 1
（一）研究背景与意义 1
（二）国内外研究现状分析 1
二、智力障碍学生生活自理能力的理论基础 2
（一）生活自理能力的概念界定 2
（二）智力障碍学生的特殊需求分析 2
（三）自理能力培养的相关理论框架 3
三、智力障碍学生生活自理能力的影响因素研究 3
（一）个体因素对自理能力的影响 3
（二）家庭环境对自理能力的作用 4
（三）教育支持对自理能力的促进 4
四、智力障碍学生生活自理能力培养策略设计 5
（一）基于个性化教育的培养方案 5
（二）家校合作的实施路径探讨 5
（三）社会支持体系的构建与优化 6
结 论 6
致 谢 8
参考文献 9
