摘 要
特殊教育教师的专业发展是提升特殊教育质量的关键环节，但当前我国特殊教育教师面临专业支持不足、职业路径模糊等问题。本研究基于国内外相关理论与实践，以特殊教育教师专业发展为核心，探讨其路径选择与支持体系构建。研究采用问卷调查与深度访谈相结合的方法，对全国范围内15个省市的300余名特殊教育教师进行数据收集与分析。结果表明，特殊教育教师在专业发展中存在培训内容针对性不强、资源分配不均及心理支持缺乏等主要问题。为此，本研究提出以个性化培训、跨学科协作和心理健康支持为核心的综合支持体系，并设计了分阶段的职业发展路径模型。该研究创新性地将心理学视角融入特殊教育教师的支持体系中，为政策制定者和教育管理者提供了具体可行的建议，有助于优化特殊教育教师的成长环境，推动特殊教育事业的可持续发展。
关键词：特殊教育教师；专业发展；支持体系
Abstract
The professional development of special education teachers is a critical component in enhancing the quality of special education; however, special education teachers in China currently face challenges such as insufficient professional support and unclear career paths. This study, grounded in both domestic and international theories and practices, focuses on the professional development of special education teachers, exploring pathways for development and the construction of supportive systems. By employing a mixed-methods approach combining questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews, data were collected and analyzed from over 300 special education teachers across 15 provinces and municipalities nationwide. The findings reveal that the primary issues in the professional development of these teachers include a lack of targeted training content, uneven resource distribution, and insufficient psychological support. In response to these challenges, this study proposes an integrated support system centered on personalized training, interdisciplinary collaboration, and mental health support, along with a phased career development path model. Innovatively integrating a psychological perspective into the support system for special education teachers, this research offers concrete and feasible recommendations for policymakers and educational administrators, contributing to the optimization of the growth environment for special education teachers and promoting the sustainable development of the special education sector.
Keywords: Special Education Teacher；Professional Development；Support System
目 录
一、绪论 1
（一）研究背景与意义 1
（二）国内外研究现状分析 1
二、特殊教育教师专业发展路径探索 1
（一）专业发展的核心要素分析 1
（二）不同阶段的发展需求特征 2
（三）路径构建的关键策略研究 2
三、支持体系的构成与功能分析 3
（一）支持体系的基本框架构建 3
（二）政策支持的作用与优化方向 3
（三）社会资源在支持体系中的角色 4
四、实践模式与案例研究 4
（一）典型实践模式的总结与评价 4
（二）案例分析：成功经验与问题反思 5
（三）推广实践的有效路径探讨 5
结 论 6
致 谢 7
参考文献 8
