摘 要
融合教育作为促进教育公平与包容的重要途径，近年来受到广泛关注。本研究以特殊需要学生在融合教育环境中的支持策略为切入点，旨在探索有效的干预模式以提升其学习成效和社会适应能力。研究采用混合方法设计，通过问卷调查、深度访谈和案例分析相结合的方式，收集了来自多所中小学的教师、学生及家长的数据。结果表明，个性化教育计划、同伴支持系统以及教师专业发展培训是影响特殊需要学生成长的关键因素。此外，本研究创新性地提出了一种基于“动态评估-调整”机制的支持框架，强调根据学生个体需求灵活调整教育资源配置。该框架不仅提升了特殊需要学生的学业表现，还显著改善了其心理状态和社交技能。研究的主要贡献在于为融合教育实践提供了理论指导和操作范式，同时呼吁构建多方协作的支持网络以优化教育生态。
关键词：融合教育；特殊需要学生；个性化教育计划
Abstract
Inclusive education, as a critical pathway to promoting educational equity and inclusiveness, has garnered significant attention in recent years. This study focuses on support strategies for students with special needs in inclusive education settings, aiming to explore effective intervention models that enhance their academic achievement and social adaptability. Employing a mixed-methods design, the study collects data from teachers, students, and parents in multiple primary and secondary schools through a combination of questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and case analyses. The findings indicate that individualized education plans, peer support systems, and teacher professional development training are key factors influencing the growth of students with special needs. Furthermore, this study innovatively proposes a support fr amework based on a "dynamic assessment-adjustment" mechanism, which emphasizes the flexible allocation of educational resources according to individual student needs. This fr amework not only improves the academic performance of students with special needs but also significantly enhances their psychological well-being and social skills. The primary contribution of this research lies in providing theoretical guidance and operational paradigms for inclusive education practices, while advocating for the construction of a collaborative support network involving multiple stakeholders to optimize the educational ecosystem.
Keywords: Inclusive Education；Students With Special Needs；Individualized Education Plan
目 录
一、绪论 1
（一）融合教育与特殊需要学生支持的背景分析 1
（二）国内外研究现状与发展趋势 1
二、特殊需要学生支持策略的理论基础 2
（一）融合教育的核心理念与实践框架 2
（二）支持策略的理论模型与关键要素 2
（三）特殊需要学生需求评估的理论依据 3
三、融合教育环境下的支持策略设计 3
（一）教学资源优化配置的支持策略 3
（二）个性化学习计划的制定与实施 4
（三）家校合作机制在支持策略中的作用 4
四、支持策略的实际应用与效果评估 4
（一）实践案例分析：支持策略的应用场景 5
（二）数据驱动的支持策略效果评估方法 5
（三）支持策略改进的方向与建议 6
结 论 6
致 谢 8
参考文献 9
