摘 要：夫妻共同债务与个人债务的区分是婚姻家庭法领域的重要议题，随着经济社会发展及家庭财产关系复杂化，这一问题日益凸显。本研究基于我国现行法律框架，结合司法实践中的典型案例，旨在探讨夫妻共同债务与个人债务的区分标准及其司法认定方法。通过文献分析、案例研究与比较法考察相结合的方式，本文系统梳理了国内外相关理论与实践，提出以“债务用途”为核心判断依据，并辅以“举债合意”和“利益共享”等要素的综合认定标准。研究发现，现行法律在具体适用中存在模糊地带，特别是在债务性质认定上缺乏统一规范。为此，本文建议构建明确的举证责任分配机制，强化法院对债务用途的实质性审查。本研究的创新点在于提出了动态平衡保护债权人与债务人权益的司法认定路径，为完善相关立法及司法解释提供了理论支持，同时对优化家庭债务治理具有重要实践意义。
关键词：夫妻共同债务；个人债务；债务用途
Abstract：The distinction between joint spousal debts and individual debts is a critical issue in the field of matrimonial and family law, which has become increasingly prominent with the development of the economy and society and the growing complexity of family property relationships. This study, grounded in the current legal fr amework of China and informed by representative cases in judicial practice, aims to explore the criteria for distinguishing between joint spousal debts and individual debts as well as the corresponding judicial determination methods. By integrating literature analysis, case studies, and comparative legal examination, this paper systematically reviews relevant theories and practices both domestically and internationally. It proposes a comprehensive determination standard centered on "debt purpose," supplemented by elements such as "joint intention to incur debt" and "shared benefits." The research reveals that ambiguities exist in the specific application of current laws, particularly the lack of unified norms in determining the nature of debts. To address these issues, this study recommends establishing a clear mechanism for allocating the burden of proof and enhancing the substantive review of debt purposes by courts. The innovation of this research lies in its proposal of a judicial determination approach that dynamically balances the protection of creditors' and debtors' rights, providing theoretical support for improving relevant legislation and judicial interpretations while offering significant practical implications for optimizing family debt governance.
引言 1
一、夫妻共同债务的理论基础 1
(一)共同债务的概念界定 1
(二)共同债务的历史演变 2
(三)共同债务的法律属性 2
二、个人债务的认定标准 3
(一)个人债务的基本特征 3
(二)个人债务的形成原因 3
(三)个人债务的司法实践 4
三、共同债务与个人债务的区分原则 4
(一)区分的核心要素分析 4
(二)债务用途的判定标准 5
(三)家庭利益的相关考量 5
四、司法实践中债务认定的具体问题 6
(一)举证责任的分配规则 6
(二)特殊情形下的债务认定 6
(三)典型案例的分析与启示 7
结论 7
参考文献 9
致谢 9
关键词：夫妻共同债务；个人债务；债务用途
Abstract：The distinction between joint spousal debts and individual debts is a critical issue in the field of matrimonial and family law, which has become increasingly prominent with the development of the economy and society and the growing complexity of family property relationships. This study, grounded in the current legal fr amework of China and informed by representative cases in judicial practice, aims to explore the criteria for distinguishing between joint spousal debts and individual debts as well as the corresponding judicial determination methods. By integrating literature analysis, case studies, and comparative legal examination, this paper systematically reviews relevant theories and practices both domestically and internationally. It proposes a comprehensive determination standard centered on "debt purpose," supplemented by elements such as "joint intention to incur debt" and "shared benefits." The research reveals that ambiguities exist in the specific application of current laws, particularly the lack of unified norms in determining the nature of debts. To address these issues, this study recommends establishing a clear mechanism for allocating the burden of proof and enhancing the substantive review of debt purposes by courts. The innovation of this research lies in its proposal of a judicial determination approach that dynamically balances the protection of creditors' and debtors' rights, providing theoretical support for improving relevant legislation and judicial interpretations while offering significant practical implications for optimizing family debt governance.
Keywords: Marital Joint Debt；Individual Debt；Debt Purpose
引言 1
一、夫妻共同债务的理论基础 1
(一)共同债务的概念界定 1
(二)共同债务的历史演变 2
(三)共同债务的法律属性 2
二、个人债务的认定标准 3
(一)个人债务的基本特征 3
(二)个人债务的形成原因 3
(三)个人债务的司法实践 4
三、共同债务与个人债务的区分原则 4
(一)区分的核心要素分析 4
(二)债务用途的判定标准 5
(三)家庭利益的相关考量 5
四、司法实践中债务认定的具体问题 6
(一)举证责任的分配规则 6
(二)特殊情形下的债务认定 6
(三)典型案例的分析与启示 7
结论 7
参考文献 9
致谢 9
