摘 要：随着社会经济的发展和家庭财产关系的复杂化，夫妻共同债务与个人债务的界定问题日益凸显，成为婚姻家庭法领域的重要研究课题。本研究以现行婚姻法及司法解释为基础，结合国内外相关理论与实践，深入探讨夫妻债务性质的认定标准及其立法完善路径。研究采用文献分析、案例研究与比较法相结合的方法，系统梳理了当前法律体系中关于夫妻债务规定的不足，并提出明确债务性质的核心要素应包括举债目的、利益归属及举证责任分配等关键点。研究发现，现行立法在债务认定标准上存在模糊性，且对弱势一方的权益保护尚显不足。为此，本文建议通过细化法律规定、优化举证规则以及强化司法裁判指引等方式，构建更加科学合理的夫妻债务认定机制。
关键词：夫妻债务；债务性质认定；利益共享原则
Abstract：With the development of social economy and the complexity of family property relations, the definition of husband and wife joint debt and personal debt has become increasingly prominent, which has become an important research topic in the field of marriage and family law. This study is based on the current marriage law and judicial interpretation, combined with the relevant theories and practices at home and abroad, and deeply discusses the identification standard of the nature of husband and wife debt and the path of legislative improvement. The research adopts the combination of literature analysis, case study and comparative method, systematically sorts out the deficiencies of the debt of husband and wife in the current legal system, and proposes that the core elements of the nature of debt should include the purpose of debt, the attribution of interests and the distribution of burden of proof. It is found that the current legislation is vague in the debt identification standards, and the protection of the rights and interests of the vulnerable party is still insufficient. Therefore, this paper suggests that a more scientific and reasonable marital debt identification mechanism should be constructed by refining the legal provisions, optimizing the rules of proof and strengthening the guidance of judicial judgment.
引言 1
一、夫妻共同债务的法律界定 1
(一)共同债务的基本概念 1
(二)共同债务的认定标准 2
(三)现行法律存在的问题 2
二、个人债务的独立性分析 3
(一)个人债务的定义与范围 3
(二)个人债务与共同债务的区分 3
(三)法律实践中个人债务的难点 4
三、立法现状与完善路径 4
(一)当前立法的主要内容 4
(二)立法中存在的不足之处 5
(三)完善立法的具体建议 5
四、债务分担机制的优化设计 6
(一)债务分担的原则与依据 6
(二)分担机制在司法实践中的应用 6
(三)优化分担机制的制度保障 7
结论 7
参考文献 8
致谢 8
关键词：夫妻债务；债务性质认定；利益共享原则
Abstract：With the development of social economy and the complexity of family property relations, the definition of husband and wife joint debt and personal debt has become increasingly prominent, which has become an important research topic in the field of marriage and family law. This study is based on the current marriage law and judicial interpretation, combined with the relevant theories and practices at home and abroad, and deeply discusses the identification standard of the nature of husband and wife debt and the path of legislative improvement. The research adopts the combination of literature analysis, case study and comparative method, systematically sorts out the deficiencies of the debt of husband and wife in the current legal system, and proposes that the core elements of the nature of debt should include the purpose of debt, the attribution of interests and the distribution of burden of proof. It is found that the current legislation is vague in the debt identification standards, and the protection of the rights and interests of the vulnerable party is still insufficient. Therefore, this paper suggests that a more scientific and reasonable marital debt identification mechanism should be constructed by refining the legal provisions, optimizing the rules of proof and strengthening the guidance of judicial judgment.
Keywords: Marital Debt；Nature Of Debt Identification；Principle Of Shared Benefits
引言 1
一、夫妻共同债务的法律界定 1
(一)共同债务的基本概念 1
(二)共同债务的认定标准 2
(三)现行法律存在的问题 2
二、个人债务的独立性分析 3
(一)个人债务的定义与范围 3
(二)个人债务与共同债务的区分 3
(三)法律实践中个人债务的难点 4
三、立法现状与完善路径 4
(一)当前立法的主要内容 4
(二)立法中存在的不足之处 5
(三)完善立法的具体建议 5
四、债务分担机制的优化设计 6
(一)债务分担的原则与依据 6
(二)分担机制在司法实践中的应用 6
(三)优化分担机制的制度保障 7
结论 7
参考文献 8
致谢 8
