摘 要：夫妻共同债务的认定与清偿是婚姻法领域的重要议题，其研究背景源于近年来因债务纠纷引发的家庭矛盾日益增多，现行法律在界定夫妻共同债务时存在模糊地带。本研究旨在通过系统分析相关法律法规及司法实践，明确夫妻共同债务的认定标准及其清偿机制，以期为司法实践提供理论支持。研究采用文献分析与案例对比相结合的方法，梳理国内外相关研究成果，并选取典型司法案例进行深入剖析。结果表明，夫妻共同债务的认定应综合考量债务用途、举债合意及家庭利益等因素，同时需平衡债权人与未举债配偶方的合法权益。本研究创新性地提出“用途导向型”认定框架，强调债务性质的动态评估，并建议完善举证责任分配规则。主要贡献在于填补了现有法律体系中关于夫妻共同债务认定的具体操作空白，为司法裁判提供了更具操作性的参考依据，同时有助于维护家庭稳定与社会公平正义。
关键词：夫妻共同债务；认定标准；清偿机制
Abstract：The identification and repayment of joint marital debts are significant issues in the field of matrimonial law, with the research background rooted in the increasing number of family conflicts triggered by debt disputes in recent years. Ambiguities exist in the current legal fr amework regarding the definition of joint marital debts. This study aims to systematically analyze relevant laws, regulations, and judicial practices to clarify the criteria for identifying joint marital debts and their repayment mechanisms, thereby providing theoretical support for judicial practice. By employing a combination of literature analysis and case comparison, this research reviews domestic and international scholarly findings and conducts an in-depth analysis of representative judicial cases. The results indicate that the determination of joint marital debts should take into account multiple factors, including the purpose of the debt, the debtor's mutual consent, and the interests of the family, while balancing the legitimate rights of creditors and the non-debtor spouse. Innovatively, this study proposes a "purpose-oriented" identification fr amework, emphasizing dynamic evaluation of the nature of debts and recommending improvements in the allocation of evidentiary responsibilities. Its primary contribution lies in addressing the operational gaps in the existing legal system concerning the identification of joint marital debts, offering more practical references for judicial decisions, and promoting family stability and social equity and justice.
引言 1
一、夫妻共同债务的理论基础 1
(一)夫妻共同债务的概念界定 1
(二)相关法律制度的历史沿革 2
(三)理论研究的意义与现状 2
二、夫妻共同债务的认定标准 3
(一)债务性质的分类分析 3
(二)共同意思表示的认定条件 3
(三)家庭日常生活需要的判断标准 4
三、夫妻共同债务的清偿机制 4
(一)清偿责任的分配原则 4
(二)财产分割对清偿的影响 5
(三)第三方权益保护的考量 5
四、实践中的问题与完善建议 6
(一)当前司法实践中的难点 6
(二)法律适用中的争议解决路径 6
(三)制度优化的具体建议 7
结论 7
参考文献 9
致谢 9
关键词：夫妻共同债务；认定标准；清偿机制
Abstract：The identification and repayment of joint marital debts are significant issues in the field of matrimonial law, with the research background rooted in the increasing number of family conflicts triggered by debt disputes in recent years. Ambiguities exist in the current legal fr amework regarding the definition of joint marital debts. This study aims to systematically analyze relevant laws, regulations, and judicial practices to clarify the criteria for identifying joint marital debts and their repayment mechanisms, thereby providing theoretical support for judicial practice. By employing a combination of literature analysis and case comparison, this research reviews domestic and international scholarly findings and conducts an in-depth analysis of representative judicial cases. The results indicate that the determination of joint marital debts should take into account multiple factors, including the purpose of the debt, the debtor's mutual consent, and the interests of the family, while balancing the legitimate rights of creditors and the non-debtor spouse. Innovatively, this study proposes a "purpose-oriented" identification fr amework, emphasizing dynamic evaluation of the nature of debts and recommending improvements in the allocation of evidentiary responsibilities. Its primary contribution lies in addressing the operational gaps in the existing legal system concerning the identification of joint marital debts, offering more practical references for judicial decisions, and promoting family stability and social equity and justice.
Keywords: Marital Joint Debt；Recognition Criteria；Repayment Mechanism
引言 1
一、夫妻共同债务的理论基础 1
(一)夫妻共同债务的概念界定 1
(二)相关法律制度的历史沿革 2
(三)理论研究的意义与现状 2
二、夫妻共同债务的认定标准 3
(一)债务性质的分类分析 3
(二)共同意思表示的认定条件 3
(三)家庭日常生活需要的判断标准 4
三、夫妻共同债务的清偿机制 4
(一)清偿责任的分配原则 4
(二)财产分割对清偿的影响 5
(三)第三方权益保护的考量 5
四、实践中的问题与完善建议 6
(一)当前司法实践中的难点 6
(二)法律适用中的争议解决路径 6
(三)制度优化的具体建议 7
结论 7
参考文献 9
致谢 9
