农村社区养老服务模式的创新与实践 -社会工作专业

摘要

随着我国老龄化程度不断加深，农村地区养老问题日益凸显，传统的家庭养老模式面临诸多挑战。为此，本研究聚焦农村社区养老服务模式的创新与实践，旨在探索适应农村特点、满足老年人需求且可持续发展的新型养老服务体系。通过对全国10个省份25个农村社区进行实地调研，结合问卷调查和访谈法，收集一手数据资料，分析当前农村养老服务现状及存在问题。研究发现，通过整合政府、社会力量、家庭和个人四方资源，构建“居家为基础、社区为依托、机构为补充”的多元化养老服务体系具有可行性。创新性地提出“互助式养老”模式，鼓励低龄老人帮助高龄老人，实现老有所为与老有所养相结合；同时引入智能化技术手段提升服务效率与质量。研究表明，该模式不仅有效缓解了农村养老服务供给不足的问题，还促进了代际互动和社会和谐，为其他地区提供了可借鉴的经验，对推动我国农村养老服务体系建设具有重要意义。

关键词：农村养老服务；互助式养老；多元化养老服务体系

Abstract

As China's aging population continues to deepen, the issue of elderly care in rural areas has become increasingly prominent, posing significant challenges to the traditional family-based care model. This study focuses on the innovation and practice of community-based elderly care services in rural areas, aiming to explore a new type of sustainable elderly care service system that is adaptable to rural characteristics and meets the needs of the elderly. By conducting field research in 25 rural communities across 10 provinces, supplemented with questionnaire surveys and interviews, this study collects primary data to analyze the current status and existing problems of rural elderly care services. The findings indicate that integrating resources from the government, society, families, and individuals to construct a diversified elderly care service system—grounded in home-based care, supported by community services, and supplemented by institutional care—is feasible. Innovatively, this study proposes a "mutual assistance elderly care" model, which encourages younger seniors to assist older seniors, combining active aging with adequate care. Additionally, it introduces intelligent technology to enhance service efficiency and quality. The research demonstrates that this model not only effectively alleviates the inadequacy of elderly care services in rural areas but also promotes intergenerational interaction and social harmony, providing valuable experiences for other regions and contributing significantly to the development of China's rural elderly care service system.

Keywords：Rural Elderly Care Services; Mutual Assistance Elderly Care; Diversified Elderly Care Service System;

摘要 I

Abstract II

一、绪论 1

(一) 农村社区养老服务的背景与意义 1

(二) 国内外研究现状综述 1

二、农村社区养老服务需求分析 2

(一) 老年人口特征与需求特点 2

(二) 服务需求评估体系构建 2

(三) 需求满足的现存问题 3

三、创新农村社区养老服务模式 3

(一) 多元主体参与机制 4