摘要
随着我国城镇化进程的加快，大量农村劳动力外出务工，导致留守儿童群体日益庞大，其心理健康与社会适应问题已成为社会关注的焦点。本研究旨在探讨农村留守儿童社会支持网络的构建与优化路径，以改善其成长环境和心理状态。研究采用问卷调查与深度访谈相结合的方法，对3个省份12个村庄的500名留守儿童及其监护人进行数据收集，并运用社会网络分析方法对支持网络的结构特征进行量化评估。结果显示，当前农村留守儿童的社会支持网络存在密度较低、核心节点缺失以及功能单一等问题，且不同性别、年龄及家庭背景的儿童在支持网络特征上表现出显著差异。基于此，本研究提出通过强化家庭功能、拓展学校支持、引入社区资源以及利用信息技术搭建多元化的支持平台等策略优化网络结构。研究创新性地将社会网络分析技术应用于留守儿童支持体系的研究中，揭示了支持网络的关键影响因素及其动态演化机制，为相关政策制定提供了科学依据。主要贡献在于明确了社会支持网络优化的具体路径，强调了多主体协同的重要性，为促进留守儿童健康成长提供了理论支撑与实践指导。
关键词：留守儿童；社会支持网络；优化路径；社会网络分析；心理健康
Abstract
With the acceleration of urbanization in China, a large number of rural laborers have migrated for work, leading to an increasingly significant population of left-behind children, whose mental health and social adaptation have become focal points of societal concern. This study aims to explore the construction and optimization pathways of social support networks for rural left-behind children to improve their growth environment and psychological well-being. A mixed-methods approach combining questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews was employed to collect data from 500 left-behind children and their caregivers in 12 villages across three provinces. Social network analysis was utilized to quantitatively evaluate the structural characteristics of these support networks. The findings indicate that the current social support networks for rural left-behind children are characterized by low density, the absence of core nodes, and functional singularity. Moreover, significant differences in support network features were observed among children of different genders, ages, and family backgrounds. Based on these insights, this study proposes strategies to optimize network structures, including enhancing family functionality, expanding school-based support, integrating community resources, and leveraging information technology to establish diversified support platforms. Innovatively applying social network analysis techniques to research on the support system for left-behind children, this study reveals key influencing factors and dynamic evolution mechanisms of support networks, providing a scientific basis for relevant policy formulation. Its primary contributions lie in clarifying specific pathways for optimizing social support networks and emphasizing the importance of multi-stakeholder collaboration, thereby offering theoretical support and practical guidance for promoting the healthy development of left-behind children.
Keywords：Left-Behind Children; Social Support Network; Optimization Path; Social Network Analysis; Mental Health
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状分析 1
(三) 研究方法与技术路线 1
二、农村留守儿童社会支持网络的现状分析 2
(一) 社会支持网络的基本构成 2
(二) 当前社会支持网络存在的问题 3
(三) 影响社会支持网络构建的主要因素 3
三、农村留守儿童社会支持网络的构建策略 4
(一) 家庭支持体系的完善路径 4
(二) 学校支持体系的功能强化 4
(三) 社区支持体系的作用发挥 5
四、农村留守儿童社会支持网络的优化措施 5
(一) 政策支持体系的建立健全 5
(二) 多元主体协同机制的构建 6
(三) 技术赋能与数字化支持的应用 7
结 论 8
参考文献 9
