摘要
民事主体资格认定是民法理论与司法实践中的核心问题之一，随着社会经济快速发展和新型业态涌现，传统民事主体概念面临诸多挑战。本文旨在探讨当前民事主体资格认定中存在的法律困境及其应对策略，通过系统梳理我国现行法律法规、司法解释以及相关判例，结合比较法研究视角，深入分析自然人、法人及其他组织在不同场景下的主体资格认定标准。研究发现，在数字经济背景下，虚拟财产持有者、网络平台经营者等新兴主体的资格认定存在模糊地带，亟需完善立法规范。通过对全国范围内典型案件的实证研究，揭示了司法实践中存在的同案不同判现象，并提出构建统一的民事主体资格认定体系的必要性。本文创新性地引入“功能性认定”理念，主张根据不同行为场景对主体资格进行动态评估，以适应经济社会发展需求。研究结果表明，建立科学合理的民事主体资格认定机制，不仅有助于维护交易安全，还能为司法裁判提供明确指引，促进市场经济健康发展。该研究为完善我国民事主体制度提供了理论支持与实践参考，具有重要的现实意义。
关键词：民事主体资格认定；功能性认定；数字经济
Abstract
The qualification identification of civil subjects is one of the core issues in civil law theory and judicial practice. With the rapid development of social economy and the emergence of new forms of business, the traditional concept of civil subjects is facing many challenges. This paper aims to explore the current legal dilemmas and coping strategies in the qualification of civil subjects. By systematically combing the current laws and regulations, judicial interpretation and relevant precedents in China, combined with the research perspective of comparative law research, it deeply analyzes the qualification standards of natural persons, legal persons and other organizations in different scenarios. The study found that under the background of digital economy, there are fuzzy areas in the qualification of emerging subjects such as virtual property holders and network platform operators, and it is urgent to improve the legislative norms. Through the empirical study of typical cases across the country, the phenomenon of different judgments of the same case in judicial practice is revealed, and the necessity of building a unified civil subject qualification identification system is put forward. This paper innovatively introduces the concept of "functional identification", and advocates the dynamic evaluation of the subject qualification according to different behavior scenarios, so as to meet the needs of economic and social development. The results show that the establishment of a scientific and reasonable civil subject qualification mechanism is not only help to maintain the security of transactions, but also can provide clear guidance for judicial judgment and promote the healthy development of market economy. This research provides theoretical support and practical reference for improving the civil subject system in China, which has important practical significance.
Keywords：Civil Subject Qualification Recognition; Functional Identification; Digital Economy
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 民事主体资格认定的背景与意义 1
(二) 研究现状综述 1
(三) 研究方法概述 2
二、民事主体资格的理论基础 2
(一) 民事主体概念解析 2
(二) 主体资格的构成要件 3
(三) 主体资格的法律属性 4
三、民事主体资格认定的法律问题 4
(一) 认定标准的争议 4
(二) 特殊主体资格认定 5
(三) 跨区域认定难题 6
四、司法实践中主体资格认定 7
(一) 司法案例分析 7
(二) 审判实务中的挑战 8
(三) 认定机制的完善建议 8
结 论 10
参考文献 11
民事主体资格认定是民法理论与司法实践中的核心问题之一，随着社会经济快速发展和新型业态涌现，传统民事主体概念面临诸多挑战。本文旨在探讨当前民事主体资格认定中存在的法律困境及其应对策略，通过系统梳理我国现行法律法规、司法解释以及相关判例，结合比较法研究视角，深入分析自然人、法人及其他组织在不同场景下的主体资格认定标准。研究发现，在数字经济背景下，虚拟财产持有者、网络平台经营者等新兴主体的资格认定存在模糊地带，亟需完善立法规范。通过对全国范围内典型案件的实证研究，揭示了司法实践中存在的同案不同判现象，并提出构建统一的民事主体资格认定体系的必要性。本文创新性地引入“功能性认定”理念，主张根据不同行为场景对主体资格进行动态评估，以适应经济社会发展需求。研究结果表明，建立科学合理的民事主体资格认定机制，不仅有助于维护交易安全，还能为司法裁判提供明确指引，促进市场经济健康发展。该研究为完善我国民事主体制度提供了理论支持与实践参考，具有重要的现实意义。
关键词：民事主体资格认定；功能性认定；数字经济
Abstract
The qualification identification of civil subjects is one of the core issues in civil law theory and judicial practice. With the rapid development of social economy and the emergence of new forms of business, the traditional concept of civil subjects is facing many challenges. This paper aims to explore the current legal dilemmas and coping strategies in the qualification of civil subjects. By systematically combing the current laws and regulations, judicial interpretation and relevant precedents in China, combined with the research perspective of comparative law research, it deeply analyzes the qualification standards of natural persons, legal persons and other organizations in different scenarios. The study found that under the background of digital economy, there are fuzzy areas in the qualification of emerging subjects such as virtual property holders and network platform operators, and it is urgent to improve the legislative norms. Through the empirical study of typical cases across the country, the phenomenon of different judgments of the same case in judicial practice is revealed, and the necessity of building a unified civil subject qualification identification system is put forward. This paper innovatively introduces the concept of "functional identification", and advocates the dynamic evaluation of the subject qualification according to different behavior scenarios, so as to meet the needs of economic and social development. The results show that the establishment of a scientific and reasonable civil subject qualification mechanism is not only help to maintain the security of transactions, but also can provide clear guidance for judicial judgment and promote the healthy development of market economy. This research provides theoretical support and practical reference for improving the civil subject system in China, which has important practical significance.
Keywords：Civil Subject Qualification Recognition; Functional Identification; Digital Economy
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 民事主体资格认定的背景与意义 1
(二) 研究现状综述 1
(三) 研究方法概述 2
二、民事主体资格的理论基础 2
(一) 民事主体概念解析 2
(二) 主体资格的构成要件 3
(三) 主体资格的法律属性 4
三、民事主体资格认定的法律问题 4
(一) 认定标准的争议 4
(二) 特殊主体资格认定 5
(三) 跨区域认定难题 6
四、司法实践中主体资格认定 7
(一) 司法案例分析 7
(二) 审判实务中的挑战 8
(三) 认定机制的完善建议 8
结 论 10
参考文献 11
