摘要
随着信息技术的迅猛发展，个人信息在网络环境中的保护面临严峻挑战。本研究基于《中华人民共和国民法典》相关条款，聚焦个人信息网络侵权的责任界定问题，旨在构建一个科学合理的责任认定体系。通过对国内外相关法律法规及司法实践的系统梳理，结合典型案例分析，采用文献研究、比较分析和实证研究相结合的方法，深入探讨了网络环境下个人信息侵权行为的特点、构成要件及责任主体。研究发现，《民法典》为个人信息保护提供了基本法律框架，但实践中仍存在诸多模糊地带，特别是在网络服务提供者责任、过错推定原则适用等方面。本研究创新性地提出了“场景化”责任认定模式，根据不同场景下信息处理者的注意义务差异，合理分配举证责任，明确不同类型侵权行为的责任承担方式。该模式不仅有助于解决当前司法实践中存在的责任认定难题，也为完善我国个人信息保护立法提供了理论支持。此外，研究还强调了技术手段在证据固定与责任认定中的重要作用，建议通过立法明确电子证据的效力标准，推动形成多方协同治理机制，以实现对个人信息的有效保护。
关键词：个人信息保护；责任认定；《民法典》
Abstract
With the rapid development of information technology, the protection of personal information in network environments faces severe challenges. This study focuses on the delineation of liability for online infringement of personal information based on relevant provisions of the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China, aiming to construct a scientifically sound and reasonable system for liability determination. By systematically reviewing domestic and international laws, regulations, and judicial practices, and through case analysis, this research employs a combination of literature review, comparative analysis, and empirical research methods to thoroughly examine the characteristics, constitutive elements, and liable parties of personal information infringement in network environments. The findings indicate that while the Civil Code provides a fundamental legal fr amework for the protection of personal information, numerous ambiguities persist in practice, particularly concerning the liability of internet service providers and the application of presumed negligence principles. Innovatively, this study proposes a "contextualized" liability determination model, which allocates the burden of proof reasonably and clarifies the liability for different types of infringements according to the varying due diligence obligations of information handlers in different scenarios. This model not only helps address current challenges in liability determination in judicial practice but also offers theoretical support for improving China's legislation on personal information protection. Additionally, the study emphasizes the critical role of technical means in evidence fixation and liability determination, recommending legislative clarification of electronic evidence standards and promoting a multi-party collaborative governance mechanism to achieve effective protection of personal information.
Keywords：Personal Information Protection; Liability Determination; Civil Code
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 研究背景与意义 1
(二) 研究现状综述 1
(三) 研究方法概述 2
二、个人信息网络侵权的法律基础 2
(一) 民法典中的个人信息保护条款 2
(二) 网络环境下的侵权行为特征 3
(三) 法律责任的基本原则 4
三、侵权主体的责任界定 4
(一) 网络服务提供者的责任 4
(二) 信息处理者的义务与责任 5
(三) 受害人的权益保障 6
四、责任认定的具体规则 7
(一) 侵权行为的构成要件 7
(二) 归责原则的适用 8
(三) 免责事由的探讨 8
结 论 10
参考文献 11
随着信息技术的迅猛发展，个人信息在网络环境中的保护面临严峻挑战。本研究基于《中华人民共和国民法典》相关条款，聚焦个人信息网络侵权的责任界定问题，旨在构建一个科学合理的责任认定体系。通过对国内外相关法律法规及司法实践的系统梳理，结合典型案例分析，采用文献研究、比较分析和实证研究相结合的方法，深入探讨了网络环境下个人信息侵权行为的特点、构成要件及责任主体。研究发现，《民法典》为个人信息保护提供了基本法律框架，但实践中仍存在诸多模糊地带，特别是在网络服务提供者责任、过错推定原则适用等方面。本研究创新性地提出了“场景化”责任认定模式，根据不同场景下信息处理者的注意义务差异，合理分配举证责任，明确不同类型侵权行为的责任承担方式。该模式不仅有助于解决当前司法实践中存在的责任认定难题，也为完善我国个人信息保护立法提供了理论支持。此外，研究还强调了技术手段在证据固定与责任认定中的重要作用，建议通过立法明确电子证据的效力标准，推动形成多方协同治理机制，以实现对个人信息的有效保护。
关键词：个人信息保护；责任认定；《民法典》
Abstract
With the rapid development of information technology, the protection of personal information in network environments faces severe challenges. This study focuses on the delineation of liability for online infringement of personal information based on relevant provisions of the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China, aiming to construct a scientifically sound and reasonable system for liability determination. By systematically reviewing domestic and international laws, regulations, and judicial practices, and through case analysis, this research employs a combination of literature review, comparative analysis, and empirical research methods to thoroughly examine the characteristics, constitutive elements, and liable parties of personal information infringement in network environments. The findings indicate that while the Civil Code provides a fundamental legal fr amework for the protection of personal information, numerous ambiguities persist in practice, particularly concerning the liability of internet service providers and the application of presumed negligence principles. Innovatively, this study proposes a "contextualized" liability determination model, which allocates the burden of proof reasonably and clarifies the liability for different types of infringements according to the varying due diligence obligations of information handlers in different scenarios. This model not only helps address current challenges in liability determination in judicial practice but also offers theoretical support for improving China's legislation on personal information protection. Additionally, the study emphasizes the critical role of technical means in evidence fixation and liability determination, recommending legislative clarification of electronic evidence standards and promoting a multi-party collaborative governance mechanism to achieve effective protection of personal information.
Keywords：Personal Information Protection; Liability Determination; Civil Code
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 研究背景与意义 1
(二) 研究现状综述 1
(三) 研究方法概述 2
二、个人信息网络侵权的法律基础 2
(一) 民法典中的个人信息保护条款 2
(二) 网络环境下的侵权行为特征 3
(三) 法律责任的基本原则 4
三、侵权主体的责任界定 4
(一) 网络服务提供者的责任 4
(二) 信息处理者的义务与责任 5
(三) 受害人的权益保障 6
四、责任认定的具体规则 7
(一) 侵权行为的构成要件 7
(二) 归责原则的适用 8
(三) 免责事由的探讨 8
结 论 10
参考文献 11
