摘要
民法典中夫妻共同债务认定标准的实践困境与完善研究聚焦于我国《民法典》实施后夫妻共同债务认定所面临的现实挑战，旨在通过实证分析和规范研究相结合的方法，深入探讨现行法律框架下夫妻共同债务认定存在的问题并提出完善建议。通过对全国范围内多个地区法院相关案例的系统梳理，结合对一线法官、律师的深度访谈，发现当前司法实践中存在举证责任分配不明确、债务性质界定模糊以及家庭日常生活所需范围难以确定等突出问题。本研究创新性地提出了以“共债共签”为核心原则，辅之以合理推定规则的解决方案，强调在保护债权人合法权益的同时兼顾夫妻双方权益平衡。同时构建了涵盖债务形成事前预防、事中监控及事后救济的全流程防控体系，为司法实践提供了具有可操作性的指导方案，有助于实现法律效果和社会效果的有机统一，推动我国婚姻家庭法制建设不断完善和发展。
关键词：夫妻共同债务；民法典；共债共签
Abstract
This study focuses on the practical challenges and improvements in identifying joint marital debts under China’s Civil Code, aiming to explore existing issues within the current legal fr amework through a combination of empirical analysis and normative research. By systematically examining relevant court cases across multiple regions nationwide and conducting in-depth interviews with frontline judges and lawyers, it identifies prominent issues such as unclear allocation of the burden of proof, ambiguous definition of debt nature, and difficulty in determining the scope of daily family needs. Innovatively, this research proposes a solution centered on the principle of "joint signature for joint debt," supplemented by reasonable presumption rules, emphasizing the protection of creditors' legitimate rights while balancing the interests of both spouses. It also constructs a comprehensive prevention and control system covering pre-debt formation prevention, intra-process monitoring, and post-debt relief, providing an operational guidance scheme for judicial practice. This approach facilitates the organic unity of legal and social effects, promoting the continuous improvement and development of China’s matrimonial and family legal system.
Keywords：Marital Joint Debt; Civil Code; Joint Debt With Joint Signature
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状综述 1
(三) 研究方法与创新点 2
二、夫妻共同债务认定的法律依据 2
(一) 民法典相关规定解读 2
(二) 共同债务认定的基本原则 3
(三) 法律适用中的争议问题 4
三、实践中认定标准的困境分析 4
(一) 举证责任分配难题 4
(二) 债务性质判定模糊 5
(三) 家事代理权边界不清 6
四、完善夫妻共同债务认定机制 6
(一) 构建科学认定体系 7
(二) 明确举证责任规则 7
(三) 强化司法实践指导 8
结 论 10
参考文献 11
民法典中夫妻共同债务认定标准的实践困境与完善研究聚焦于我国《民法典》实施后夫妻共同债务认定所面临的现实挑战，旨在通过实证分析和规范研究相结合的方法，深入探讨现行法律框架下夫妻共同债务认定存在的问题并提出完善建议。通过对全国范围内多个地区法院相关案例的系统梳理，结合对一线法官、律师的深度访谈，发现当前司法实践中存在举证责任分配不明确、债务性质界定模糊以及家庭日常生活所需范围难以确定等突出问题。本研究创新性地提出了以“共债共签”为核心原则，辅之以合理推定规则的解决方案，强调在保护债权人合法权益的同时兼顾夫妻双方权益平衡。同时构建了涵盖债务形成事前预防、事中监控及事后救济的全流程防控体系，为司法实践提供了具有可操作性的指导方案，有助于实现法律效果和社会效果的有机统一，推动我国婚姻家庭法制建设不断完善和发展。
关键词：夫妻共同债务；民法典；共债共签
Abstract
This study focuses on the practical challenges and improvements in identifying joint marital debts under China’s Civil Code, aiming to explore existing issues within the current legal fr amework through a combination of empirical analysis and normative research. By systematically examining relevant court cases across multiple regions nationwide and conducting in-depth interviews with frontline judges and lawyers, it identifies prominent issues such as unclear allocation of the burden of proof, ambiguous definition of debt nature, and difficulty in determining the scope of daily family needs. Innovatively, this research proposes a solution centered on the principle of "joint signature for joint debt," supplemented by reasonable presumption rules, emphasizing the protection of creditors' legitimate rights while balancing the interests of both spouses. It also constructs a comprehensive prevention and control system covering pre-debt formation prevention, intra-process monitoring, and post-debt relief, providing an operational guidance scheme for judicial practice. This approach facilitates the organic unity of legal and social effects, promoting the continuous improvement and development of China’s matrimonial and family legal system.
Keywords：Marital Joint Debt; Civil Code; Joint Debt With Joint Signature
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状综述 1
(三) 研究方法与创新点 2
二、夫妻共同债务认定的法律依据 2
(一) 民法典相关规定解读 2
(二) 共同债务认定的基本原则 3
(三) 法律适用中的争议问题 4
三、实践中认定标准的困境分析 4
(一) 举证责任分配难题 4
(二) 债务性质判定模糊 5
(三) 家事代理权边界不清 6
四、完善夫妻共同债务认定机制 6
(一) 构建科学认定体系 7
(二) 明确举证责任规则 7
(三) 强化司法实践指导 8
结 论 10
参考文献 11
