公共利益与宪法基本权的平衡机制 -法学专业

摘要

公共利益与宪法基本权的平衡机制是现代法治国家面临的重要课题，随着社会复杂化和多元化发展，两者之间的冲突日益凸显。本研究旨在探讨公共利益与宪法基本权之间平衡机制的构建，以实现二者协调发展的目标。通过文献分析、比较法研究以及案例剖析等方法，深入考察不同法系国家在处理该问题时的经验与教训。研究发现，在保障公民基本权利的前提下，公共利益并非绝对优先，而是需要遵循比例原则、正当程序原则等进行衡量。创新之处在于提出从动态视角审视二者关系，并构建包含事前预防、事中控制和事后救济在内的多层次平衡机制。这不仅丰富了相关理论体系，还为司法实践提供了可操作性的参考框架，有助于推动我国法治建设进程，确保在维护公共利益的同时充分尊重和保障个人宪法基本权，实现法律价值的最大化。

关键词：公共利益；宪法基本权；平衡机制；比例原则；动态视角

Abstract

The balance between public interest and constitutional fundamental rights is a critical issue confronting modern rule-of-law states. As society becomes increasingly complex and diversified, conflicts between these two concepts have become more pronounced. This study aims to explore the construction of a balancing mechanism between public interest and constitutional fundamental rights to achieve harmonious development between them. By employing methods such as literature analysis, comparative legal studies, and case studies, this research thoroughly examines the experiences and lessons from different legal systems in addressing this issue. The findings indicate that public interest does not take absolute precedence over individual rights; instead, it must be weighed against principles such as proportionality and due process while ensuring the protection of citizens' fundamental rights. An innovative aspect of this study is the proposal to examine the relationship between public interest and constitutional rights from a dynamic perspective, establishing a multi-level balancing mechanism that includes preventive measures, mid-process control, and post-facto remedies. This approach not only enriches the theoretical fr amework but also provides an operational reference for judicial practice, promoting the advancement of China's rule-of-law construction. It ensures the maintenance of public interest while fully respecting and safeguarding individual constitutional rights, thereby maximizing legal values.

Keywords：Public Interest; Constitutional Fundamental Rights; Balancing Mechanism; Proportionality Principle; Dynamic Perspective

摘要 I

Abstract II

一、绪论 1

(一) 研究背景与意义 1

(二) 国内外研究现状 1

二、公共利益的界定与内涵 2

(一) 公共利益的概念解析 2

(二) 公共利益的构成要素 2

(三) 公共利益的识别标准 3

三、宪法基本权的保障机制 4

(一) 基本权的宪法地位 4