摘 要
高性能混凝土（HPC）因其优异的力学性能和耐久性，在现代土木工程中得到了广泛应用，尤其是在极端环境下的结构需求日益增加。本研究旨在探讨高性能混凝土在高温、冻融循环及化学侵蚀等极端条件下的适应性和性能表现，并提出优化设计策略以提升其服役寿命。通过实验室模拟试验与数值分析相结合的方法，系统研究了不同掺合料比例、水胶比及养护制度对混凝土微观结构和宏观性能的影响。结果表明，采用特定比例的硅灰与粉煤灰复合掺合料可显著改善混凝土的抗裂性和抗侵蚀能力，同时降低热膨胀系数，提高其在极端温度环境中的稳定性。此外，基于试验数据建立的预测模型能够准确评估混凝土在复杂耦合环境下的长期性能变化规律。本研究的创新点在于提出了适用于极端环境的高性能混凝土优化设计方法，并揭示了微观结构演变与宏观性能之间的内在关联，为实际工程应用提供了理论支持和技术指导，具有重要的学术价值和工程意义。
关键词：高性能混凝土；极端环境；优化设计；微观结构；长期性能
Abstract
High-performance concrete (HPC), with its superior mechanical properties and durability, has been widely applied in modern civil engineering, particularly as the demand for structural performance in extreme environments continues to increase. This study investigates the adaptability and performance of high-performance concrete under extreme conditions such as high temperatures, freeze-thaw cycles, and chemical erosion, while proposing optimization design strategies to enhance its service life. By integrating laboratory simulation experiments with numerical analysis, the study systematically examines the influence of different admixture ratios, water-to-binder ratios, and curing regimes on the microstructure and macroscopic properties of concrete. The results indicate that the use of a specific proportion of silica fume and fly ash composite admixtures can significantly improve the crack resistance and anti-erosion capability of concrete, reduce the coefficient of thermal expansion, and enhance its stability in extreme temperature environments. Furthermore, a predictive model established based on experimental data can accurately evaluate the long-term performance variation patterns of concrete under complex coupled environmental conditions. The innovation of this research lies in the development of an optimized design method for high-performance concrete suitable for extreme environments, as well as the revelation of the intrinsic relationship between microstructural evolution and macroscopic properties. This provides theoretical support and technical guidance for practical engineering applications, demonstrating significant academic value and engineering significance.
Keywords：High Performance Concrete；Extreme Environment；Optimization Design；Microstructure；Long-Term Performance
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
引 言 1
第一章 高性能混凝土的材料特性研究 2
1.1 材料组成与配比优化 2
1.2 力学性能分析 2
1.3 耐久性评估 3
第二章 极端环境对高性能混凝土的影响 4
2.1 高温环境下的性能变化 4
2.2 冻融循环作用分析 4
2.3 化学侵蚀影响研究 5
第三章 高性能混凝土在极端环境中的应用实践 6
3.1 工程案例分析 6
3.2 施工技术要求 6
3.3 性能监测与反馈 7
第四章 提升高性能混凝土极端环境适应性的策略 8
4.1 新型添加剂的应用 8
4.2 结构设计优化方法 8
4.3 综合防护措施研究 9
结 论 10
参考文献 11
致 谢 13
