摘 要
土木工程结构振动控制技术是保障建筑物及基础设施安全性和耐久性的关键领域。随着现代建筑向高层化、大跨度发展，结构面临的动力荷载作用日益复杂，传统抗震设计已难以满足需求，亟需发展先进的振动控制技术。本文系统梳理了近年来土木工程结构振动控制领域的研究进展，重点探讨了主动控制、被动控制和混合控制三种主要技术手段及其应用现状。通过对比分析不同控制策略的优缺点，揭示了各方法在实际工程中的适用范围与局限性。研究发现，基于智能材料的主动控制系统具有良好的自适应能力，但成本较高；被动控制系统如调谐质量阻尼器等造价相对较低且维护简便，但在复杂工况下效果有限；混合控制系统则结合两者优势，展现出广阔的应用前景。特别地，本文创新性地引入了机器学习算法优化控制参数选择，显著提高了控制系统的响应速度与精度，为解决非线性动力学问题提供了新思路。此外，针对现有技术存在的不足，提出了多目标协同优化框架，旨在实现结构安全性、经济性和舒适性的有机统一，为未来研究指明了方向。研究成果不仅丰富了振动控制理论体系，也为实际工程应用提供了重要参考依据。
关键词：振动控制技术；土木工程结构；主动控制；被动控制；混合控制；智能材料；机器学习算法；多目标协同优化；调谐质量阻尼器
Abstract
Vibration control technology for civil engineering structures is a critical field that ensures the safety and durability of buildings and infrastructure. As modern architecture evolves towards taller and larger-span structures, the dynamic loads acting on these structures have become increasingly complex, rendering traditional seismic design methods inadequate. This paper systematically reviews recent advancements in vibration control within civil engineering, focusing on three primary techniques: active control, passive control, and hybrid control, along with their current applications. By comparing the advantages and disadvantages of different control strategies, this study elucidates the practical applicability and limitations of each method. It is found that active control systems based on smart materials exhibit excellent adaptive capabilities but are associated with higher costs; passive control systems such as tuned mass dampers are relatively inexpensive and easy to maintain, yet their effectiveness is limited under complex conditions; hybrid control systems integrate the strengths of both approaches, demonstrating significant potential for broader application. Notably, this paper innovatively incorporates machine learning algorithms to optimize the selection of control parameters, markedly enhancing the response speed and accuracy of control systems, thereby offering new insights into solving nonlinear dynamics problems. Furthermore, addressing the shortcomings of existing technologies, a multi-ob jective collaborative optimization fr amework is proposed to achieve an organic integration of structural safety, economy, and comfort, guiding future research directions. The findings not only enrich the theoretical fr amework of vibration control but also provide crucial references for practical engineering applications.
Keywords：Vibration Control Technology；Civil Engineering Structures；Active Control；Passive Control；Hybrid Control；Smart Materials；Machine Learning Algorithms；Multi-ob jective Collaborative Optimization；Tuned Mass Damper
目录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
引 言 1
第一章 土木工程振动控制基础理论 2
1.1 振动控制的基本概念 2
1.2 结构动力学原理 2
1.3 控制策略分类与选择 3
第二章 主动控制技术研究进展 5
2.1 主动控制系统组成 5
2.2 传感器与执行器技术 5
2.3 控制算法优化研究 6
第三章 被动控制技术发展现状 8
3.1 阻尼器技术应用 8
3.2 质量调谐减振器 8
3.3 新型材料的应用 9
第四章 半主动与混合控制探索 10
4.1 半主动控制原理 10
4.2 混合控制方案设计 10
4.3 实际工程应用案例 11
结 论 12
参考文献 14
致 谢 15
