摘 要
随着土木工程结构规模日益庞大、复杂程度不断提高，其安全监测面临诸多挑战。传统监测手段存在数据采集不及时、信息传递滞后等问题，难以满足现代土木工程结构安全监测需求。为此，本文将物联网技术应用于土木工程结构安全监测中，旨在构建高效、智能的监测体系。通过在结构关键部位部署传感器节点，利用无线通信技术实现数据实时传输，并借助云计算平台进行数据分析处理。研究发现，基于物联网技术的监测系统能够准确获取结构健康状态信息，对微小变形、应力变化等进行精准感知，且可实现远程监控与预警功能。该方法较传统方式具有明显优势，不仅提高了监测效率和精度，还降低了人力成本。创新性地提出了适用于不同类型土木工程结构的安全监测模型，为结构全生命周期管理提供了有力支持，有助于提升土木工程结构安全性评估水平，对保障人民生命财产安全具有重要意义。
关键词：物联网技术；土木工程结构安全监测；传感器节点；实时数据传输；云计算平台分析
Abstract
As civil engineering structures become increasingly large and complex, their safety monitoring faces numerous challenges. Traditional monitoring methods suffer from issues such as untimely data acquisition and delayed information transmission, which fail to meet the demands of modern civil engineering structure safety monitoring. To address these challenges, this study applies Internet of Things (IoT) technology to the safety monitoring of civil engineering structures, aiming to establish an efficient and intelligent monitoring system. By deploying sensor nodes at critical structural locations and utilizing wireless communication technology for real-time data transmission, along with cloud computing platforms for data analysis and processing, the research finds that the IoT-based monitoring system can accurately obtain structural health status information. It enables precise sensing of minute deformations and stress changes, and achieves remote monitoring and early warning functions. Compared to traditional methods, this approach not only enhances monitoring efficiency and accuracy but also reduces labor costs. Innovatively, this study proposes safety monitoring models suitable for various types of civil engineering structures, providing strong support for the entire lifecycle management of structures. This contributes to improving the level of safety assessment for civil engineering structures and is of great significance in protecting people's lives and property.
Keywords：Internet Of Things Technology；Civil Engineering Structural Health Monitoring；Sensor Nodes；Real-time Data Transmission；Cloud Computing Platform Analysis
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
引 言 1
第一章 物联网技术基础与应用背景 2
1.1 物联网技术概述 2
1.2 土木工程监测需求分析 2
1.3 物联网在土木工程中的优势 3
第二章 传感器网络部署与数据采集 5
2.1 传感器选型与布局原则 5
2.2 数据采集系统设计 5
2.3 数据传输与通信协议 6
第三章 数据处理与智能分析方法 8
3.1 实时数据处理技术 8
3.2 结构健康评估模型 8
3.3 预警系统构建与优化 9
第四章 系统集成与实际应用案例 11
4.1 监测系统整体架构 11
4.2 典型工程应用实例 11
4.3 应用效果与改进建议 12
结 论 13
参考文献 14
致 谢 15
