摘 要
土木工程结构在地震、风荷载等动力作用下，其安全性与稳定性面临严峻挑战。为提高结构抗灾能力，本文针对土木工程结构动力响应分析与减震控制展开研究。基于非线性有限元理论，建立了考虑材料与几何双重非线性的结构动力分析模型，引入了先进的数值积分算法以确保计算精度。通过大量算例验证了所建模型的有效性，并在此基础上深入探讨了不同阻尼比、频率比等因素对结构动力响应的影响规律。创新性地提出了一种新型调谐质量阻尼器（TMD）优化设计方法，该方法综合考虑了结构特性及外部激励特征，实现了TMD参数的最优配置。研究结果表明，经优化后的TMD能够显著降低结构在地震波作用下的加速度响应和位移响应，有效提高了结构的安全性和舒适度。此外，还开发了一套适用于实际工程应用的动力响应监测与预警系统，可实时获取结构健康状态并提供科学决策依据，为土木工程结构抗震防灾提供了新思路和技术支持。本研究不仅丰富了结构动力学理论体系，而且为工程实践中的减震控制提供了切实可行的技术方案，具有重要的学术价值和广阔的应用前景。
关键词：土木工程结构；动力响应分析；调谐质量阻尼器；非线性有限元；抗震防灾技术
Abstract
Civil engineering structures face severe challenges regarding safety and stability under dynamic loads such as earthquakes and wind loads. To enhance the disaster-resistance capability of these structures, this study investigates the dynamic response analysis and vibration control of civil engineering structures. Based on nonlinear finite element theory, a dynamic analysis model considering both material and geometric nonlinearities was established, incorporating advanced numerical integration algorithms to ensure computational accuracy. Extensive numerical examples validated the effectiveness of the developed model, upon which an in-depth exploration of the influence patterns of different damping ratios and frequency ratios on structural dynamic responses was conducted. Innovatively, an optimized design method for Tuned Mass Dampers (TMD) was proposed, which comprehensively considers structural characteristics and external excitation features, achieving optimal TMD parameter configuration. Research results indicate that the optimized TMD significantly reduces acceleration and displacement responses of structures under seismic waves, effectively improving structural safety and comfort. Additionally, a dynamic response monitoring and early warning system suitable for practical engineering applications was developed, capable of real-time acquisition of structural health status and providing scientific decision-making support, offering new ideas and technical support for seismic disaster prevention in civil engineering structures. This study not only enriches the theoretical fr amework of structural dynamics but also provides practical and feasible technical solutions for vibration control in engineering practice, holding significant academic value and broad application prospects.
Keywords：Civil Engineering Structures；Dynamic Response Analysis；Tuned Mass Damper；Nonlinear Finite Element；Seismic Protection Technology
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
引 言 1
第一章 土木工程结构动力特性分析 2
1.1 结构动力响应基本理论 2
1.2 动力特性参数识别方法 2
1.3 模态分析与实验验证 3
第二章 外部激励对结构的影响 5
2.1 地震激励下的响应特征 5
2.2 风荷载作用下的动力响应 5
2.3 其他外部激励的影响分析 6
第三章 减震控制技术原理 8
3.1 被动减震控制策略 8
3.2 主动及半主动控制方法 8
3.3 减震装置的工作机理 9
第四章 实际工程中的应用案例 10
4.1 工程项目背景介绍 10
4.2 动力响应分析实例 10
4.3 减震控制效果评估 11
结 论 13
参考文献 14
致 谢 15
