摘 要
土木工程结构的耐久性直接关系到建筑物的安全性和使用寿命，随着社会经济的发展和基础设施的老化，对既有结构进行科学合理的耐久性评估与维护管理成为亟待解决的问题。本研究旨在建立一套完善的土木工程结构耐久性评估体系并提出有效的维护管理策略。基于此，采用理论分析、现场检测及数值模拟相结合的方法，选取典型土木工程结构为研究对象，对其所处环境因素进行全面考量，深入探究不同因素对结构耐久性的影响机制。结果表明，氯离子侵蚀、碳化作用以及冻融循环等是影响结构耐久性的关键因素，并且构建了考虑多种因素耦合作用下的耐久性预测模型，能够准确预测结构在服役期间性能退化的趋势。通过对比分析传统与新型维护管理模式下结构全寿命周期成本，发现基于耐久性评估的预防性维护管理可显著降低后期维修费用，提高结构安全性与可靠性。本研究创新性地将多因素耦合效应引入耐久性评估，为土木工程结构的长期性能保障提供了理论依据和技术支持，对延长结构使用寿命、优化资源配置具有重要意义。
关键词：耐久性评估；土木工程结构；多因素耦合；预防性维护管理；氯离子侵蚀；碳化作用；冻融循环；全寿命周期成本
Abstract
The durability of civil engineering structures directly affects the safety and service life of buildings. With the development of socio-economy and the aging of infrastructure, conducting scientific and reasonable durability assessment and maintenance management for existing structures has become an urgent issue. This study aims to establish a comprehensive durability assessment system for civil engineering structures and propose effective maintenance management strategies. To achieve this, a combination of theoretical analysis, on-site testing, and numerical simulation was employed, with typical civil engineering structures selected as research subjects. The environmental factors affecting these structures were comprehensively considered, and the impact mechanisms of different factors on structural durability were thoroughly investigated. The results indicate that chloride ion ingress, carbonation, and freeze-thaw cycles are key factors influencing structural durability. A durability prediction model considering the coupled effects of multiple factors was developed, which can accurately predict the performance degradation trend of structures during their service life. By comparing the lifecycle costs of structures under traditional and new maintenance management models, it was found that preventive maintenance management based on durability assessment can significantly reduce later maintenance costs and enhance structural safety and reliability. Innovatively, this study incorporates the coupled effects of multiple factors into durability assessment, providing theoretical basis and technical support for ensuring the long-term performance of civil engineering structures, which is significant for extending service life and optimizing resource allocation.
Keywords：Durability Evaluation；Civil Engineering Structures；Multi-factor Coupling；Preventive Maintenance Management；Chloride Ion Erosion；Carbonation；Freeze-thaw Cycles；Whole Life Cycle Cost
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
引 言 1
第一章 土木工程结构耐久性概述 2
1.1 耐久性的定义与内涵 2
1.2 影响耐久性的主要因素 2
1.3 耐久性评估的意义与价值 3
第二章 耐久性评估方法与技术 5
2.1 传统评估方法综述 5
2.2 现代检测技术应用 5
2.3 评估模型与算法研究 6
第三章 维护管理策略与实践 8
3.1 预防性维护措施制定 8
3.2 常见病害处理方法 8
3.3 全寿命周期成本分析 9
第四章 案例分析与经验总结 11
4.1 典型工程案例解析 11
4.2 成功经验与失败教训 11
4.3 未来发展方向展望 12
结 论 14
参考文献 15
致 谢 16
