摘 要：夫妻共同债务的认定与处理是婚姻家庭法中的重要议题，随着社会经济的发展和家庭财产关系的复杂化，该问题日益凸显。本研究以我国现行法律法规为基础，结合司法实践案例，探讨夫妻共同债务在离婚诉讼中的认定标准与处理原则。研究采用文献分析、案例比较及实证调查相结合的方法，深入剖析了当前司法实践中存在的争议焦点，如债务性质界定不清、举证责任分配不均等问题。研究发现，明确债务用途与利益共享原则是判定夫妻共同债务的核心依据，同时应合理调整举证责任分配机制以平衡双方权益。本研究创新性地提出构建多层次债务分类体系，并建议引入第三方评估机制以增强裁判公信力。研究成果为完善相关法律规范提供了理论支持，也为司法实践提供了操作性强的解决方案，有助于实现公平正义与社会稳定。
关键词：夫妻共同债务；债务认定标准；举证责任分配
Abstract：The identification and handling of joint spousal debts are critical issues in matrimonial and family law, which have become increasingly prominent with the development of the social economy and the growing complexity of family property relationships. This study examines the criteria for identifying and principles for addressing joint spousal debts in divorce litigation based on current laws and regulations in China, complemented by judicial practice cases. By employing a combination of literature analysis, case comparison, and empirical investigation, this research thoroughly analyzes contentious issues prevalent in current judicial practices, such as unclear definitions of debt nature and uneven distribution of the burden of proof. The findings indicate that clarifying the purpose of the debt and adhering to the principle of shared benefits serve as the core basis for determining joint spousal debts, while it is also necessary to reasonably adjust the allocation of the burden of proof to balance the rights of both parties. Innovatively, this study proposes the construction of a multi-level debt classification system and suggests the introduction of a third-party evaluation mechanism to enhance the credibility of judicial decisions. The research outcomes provide theoretical support for improving relevant legal norms and offer practical solutions for judicial practice, thereby contributing to the realization of fairness, justice, and social stability.
引言 1
一、夫妻共同债务的法律界定 1
(一)共同债务的基本概念 1
(二)法律界定的标准与原则 2
(三)现行法律规定的问题分析 2
二、共同债务认定的核心要素 3
(一)债务用途的判断标准 3
(二)共同意思表示的认定 3
(三)举证责任的分配规则 4
三、离婚诉讼中共同债务的处理原则 4
(一)清偿责任的分配机制 4
(二)债权人利益的保护路径 5
(三)防止虚假债务的措施 5
四、实践中的争议与完善建议 6
(一)典型案例的分析与启示 6
(二)制度设计的不足之处 6
(三)改革方向与优化建议 7
结论 7
参考文献 9
致谢 9
关键词：夫妻共同债务；债务认定标准；举证责任分配
Abstract：The identification and handling of joint spousal debts are critical issues in matrimonial and family law, which have become increasingly prominent with the development of the social economy and the growing complexity of family property relationships. This study examines the criteria for identifying and principles for addressing joint spousal debts in divorce litigation based on current laws and regulations in China, complemented by judicial practice cases. By employing a combination of literature analysis, case comparison, and empirical investigation, this research thoroughly analyzes contentious issues prevalent in current judicial practices, such as unclear definitions of debt nature and uneven distribution of the burden of proof. The findings indicate that clarifying the purpose of the debt and adhering to the principle of shared benefits serve as the core basis for determining joint spousal debts, while it is also necessary to reasonably adjust the allocation of the burden of proof to balance the rights of both parties. Innovatively, this study proposes the construction of a multi-level debt classification system and suggests the introduction of a third-party evaluation mechanism to enhance the credibility of judicial decisions. The research outcomes provide theoretical support for improving relevant legal norms and offer practical solutions for judicial practice, thereby contributing to the realization of fairness, justice, and social stability.
Keywords: Marital Joint Debt；Debt Identification Standard；Burden Of Proof Distribution
引言 1
一、夫妻共同债务的法律界定 1
(一)共同债务的基本概念 1
(二)法律界定的标准与原则 2
(三)现行法律规定的问题分析 2
二、共同债务认定的核心要素 3
(一)债务用途的判断标准 3
(二)共同意思表示的认定 3
(三)举证责任的分配规则 4
三、离婚诉讼中共同债务的处理原则 4
(一)清偿责任的分配机制 4
(二)债权人利益的保护路径 5
(三)防止虚假债务的措施 5
四、实践中的争议与完善建议 6
(一)典型案例的分析与启示 6
(二)制度设计的不足之处 6
(三)改革方向与优化建议 7
结论 7
参考文献 9
致谢 9
