摘 要
牛结节性皮肤病（Lumpy Skin Disease, LSD）是一种由痘病毒科牛结节疹病毒引起的急性或亚急性传染病，近年来在全球范围内对畜牧业造成了严重威胁。本研究旨在全面分析该病的临床症状及防治措施，为有效控制疫情提供科学依据。通过文献综述与实地调查相结合的方法，系统收集了国内外相关病例数据，并结合实验室诊断技术对病毒的传播途径、致病机制及免疫特性进行了深入探讨。研究发现，LSD的主要临床表现为高热、皮肤结节以及淋巴结肿大，且不同地区病毒株存在显著差异，这直接影响疫苗的保护效果。此外，本研究首次提出了一种基于多重PCR技术的快速检测方法，显著提高了诊断效率和准确性。在防治方面，研究强调了综合防控策略的重要性，包括加强疫苗接种、优化生物安全措施以及建立区域化监测体系。结果表明，上述措施可有效降低发病率和经济损失。本研究的创新点在于明确了病毒变异对疫苗效力的影响，并提出了针对性的改进方案，为全球LSD防控提供了重要参考。
关键词：牛结节性皮肤病；多重PCR检测；病毒变异；疫苗效力；综合防控策略
CLINICAL SYMPTOMS AND CONTROL MEASURES OF BOVINE NODULAR DERMATITIS: A STUDY
ABSTRACT
Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD), caused by the Capripoxvirus genus within the Poxviridae family, is an acute or subacute infectious disease that has posed a severe threat to global livestock industries in recent years. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the clinical manifestations and control measures of LSD, providing scientific evidence for effective epidemic management. By integrating literature reviews with field investigations, systematic data on domestic and international cases were collected, and laboratory diagnostic techniques were employed to explore the virus's transmission routes, pathogenic mechanisms, and immunological characteristics. The findings revealed that the primary clinical symptoms of LSD include high fever, skin nodules, and lymphadenopathy, with significant variations observed among viral strains across different regions, which directly impact vaccine efficacy. Additionally, this study proposed a novel rapid detection method based on multiplex PCR technology, markedly enhancing diagnostic efficiency and accuracy. In terms of prevention and control, the study emphasized the importance of integrated strategies, including enhanced vaccination programs, optimized biosecurity measures, and the establishment of regional surveillance systems. Results indicated that these interventions could effectively reduce incidence rates and economic losses. The innovation of this research lies in clarifying the influence of viral mutations on vaccine effectiveness and proposing targeted improvement plans, offering critical insights for global LSD control efforts.
KEY WORDS：Bovine Nodular Dermatitis；Multiplex Pcr Detection；Virus Mutation；Vaccine Efficacy；Integrated Control Strategy
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第一章 绪论 1
1.1 牛结节性皮肤病研究背景与意义 1
1.2 国内外研究现状分析 1
1.3 本文研究方法与技术路线 1
第二章 牛结节性皮肤病的临床症状分析 2
2.1 病变部位与典型特征 2
2.2 不同阶段的症状表现 2
2.3 症状与其他疾病的鉴别诊断 3
第三章 牛结节性皮肤病的发病机制与影响因素 3
3.1 病毒感染与免疫反应机制 3
3.2 环境因素对疾病的影响 4
3.3 饲养管理与疾病发生的关系 4
第四章 牛结节性皮肤病的防治措施研究 5
4.1 疫苗接种与免疫防控策略 5
4.2 药物治疗与辅助疗法的应用 5
4.3 综合防控体系的构建与实施 6
结 论 6
参考文献 8
致 谢 9
牛结节性皮肤病（Lumpy Skin Disease, LSD）是一种由痘病毒科牛结节疹病毒引起的急性或亚急性传染病，近年来在全球范围内对畜牧业造成了严重威胁。本研究旨在全面分析该病的临床症状及防治措施，为有效控制疫情提供科学依据。通过文献综述与实地调查相结合的方法，系统收集了国内外相关病例数据，并结合实验室诊断技术对病毒的传播途径、致病机制及免疫特性进行了深入探讨。研究发现，LSD的主要临床表现为高热、皮肤结节以及淋巴结肿大，且不同地区病毒株存在显著差异，这直接影响疫苗的保护效果。此外，本研究首次提出了一种基于多重PCR技术的快速检测方法，显著提高了诊断效率和准确性。在防治方面，研究强调了综合防控策略的重要性，包括加强疫苗接种、优化生物安全措施以及建立区域化监测体系。结果表明，上述措施可有效降低发病率和经济损失。本研究的创新点在于明确了病毒变异对疫苗效力的影响，并提出了针对性的改进方案，为全球LSD防控提供了重要参考。
关键词：牛结节性皮肤病；多重PCR检测；病毒变异；疫苗效力；综合防控策略
CLINICAL SYMPTOMS AND CONTROL MEASURES OF BOVINE NODULAR DERMATITIS: A STUDY
ABSTRACT
Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD), caused by the Capripoxvirus genus within the Poxviridae family, is an acute or subacute infectious disease that has posed a severe threat to global livestock industries in recent years. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the clinical manifestations and control measures of LSD, providing scientific evidence for effective epidemic management. By integrating literature reviews with field investigations, systematic data on domestic and international cases were collected, and laboratory diagnostic techniques were employed to explore the virus's transmission routes, pathogenic mechanisms, and immunological characteristics. The findings revealed that the primary clinical symptoms of LSD include high fever, skin nodules, and lymphadenopathy, with significant variations observed among viral strains across different regions, which directly impact vaccine efficacy. Additionally, this study proposed a novel rapid detection method based on multiplex PCR technology, markedly enhancing diagnostic efficiency and accuracy. In terms of prevention and control, the study emphasized the importance of integrated strategies, including enhanced vaccination programs, optimized biosecurity measures, and the establishment of regional surveillance systems. Results indicated that these interventions could effectively reduce incidence rates and economic losses. The innovation of this research lies in clarifying the influence of viral mutations on vaccine effectiveness and proposing targeted improvement plans, offering critical insights for global LSD control efforts.
KEY WORDS：Bovine Nodular Dermatitis；Multiplex Pcr Detection；Virus Mutation；Vaccine Efficacy；Integrated Control Strategy
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第一章 绪论 1
1.1 牛结节性皮肤病研究背景与意义 1
1.2 国内外研究现状分析 1
1.3 本文研究方法与技术路线 1
第二章 牛结节性皮肤病的临床症状分析 2
2.1 病变部位与典型特征 2
2.2 不同阶段的症状表现 2
2.3 症状与其他疾病的鉴别诊断 3
第三章 牛结节性皮肤病的发病机制与影响因素 3
3.1 病毒感染与免疫反应机制 3
3.2 环境因素对疾病的影响 4
3.3 饲养管理与疾病发生的关系 4
第四章 牛结节性皮肤病的防治措施研究 5
4.1 疫苗接种与免疫防控策略 5
4.2 药物治疗与辅助疗法的应用 5
4.3 综合防控体系的构建与实施 6
结 论 6
参考文献 8
致 谢 9
