石墨烯基复合材料的制备与力学性能研究
摘要
石墨烯因其优异的力学、电学和热学性能，近年来在复合材料领域受到广泛关注。本研究旨在通过优化制备工艺，提升石墨烯基复合材料的力学性能，并探索其潜在应用价值。为此，采用化学气相沉积法（CVD）与溶液混合法相结合的方式，成功制备了石墨烯/聚合物复合材料，并通过引入功能化改性剂改善石墨烯在基体中的分散性和界面结合力。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）及拉曼光谱对复合材料的微观结构进行表征，同时通过单轴拉伸试验和动态机械分析评估其力学性能。结果表明，功能化改性显著提高了石墨烯在聚合物基体中的分散均匀性，复合材料的拉伸强度和杨氏模量分别较纯聚合物提升了45%和60%。此外，动态机械分析显示复合材料的玻璃化转变温度有所提高，表明其热稳定性得到增强。本研究的创新点在于提出了一种高效的石墨烯功能化方法，有效解决了石墨烯团聚问题，为高性能石墨烯基复合材料的设计与开发提供了新思路。研究成果可为航空航天、汽车工业等领域提供轻质高强的新型材料选择。
关键词：石墨烯基复合材料；功能化改性；力学性能
Abstract
Graphene has attracted extensive attention in the field of composite materials in recent years due to its excellent mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. This study aims to enhance the mechanical properties of graphene-based composites by optimizing the preparation process and exploring their potential application value. To achieve this, graphene/polymer composites were successfully fabricated by combining chemical vapor deposition (CVD) with solution mixing, while the dispersibility and interfacial bonding of graphene in the matrix were improved by introducing functional modifiers. The microstructure of the composites was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Raman spectroscopy. Meanwhile, their mechanical properties were evaluated through uniaxial tensile testing and dynamic mechanical analysis. The results indicate that functional modification significantly enhanced the uniform dispersion of graphene in the polymer matrix, resulting in a 45% increase in tensile strength and a 60% improvement in Young's modulus compared to pure polymer. Additionally, dynamic mechanical analysis revealed an elevated glass transition temperature of the composites, suggesting enhanced thermal stability. The innovation of this study lies in proposing an efficient graphene functionalization method that effectively addresses the issue of graphene agglomeration, providing new insights for the design and development of high-performance graphene-based composites. The research findings offer promising lightweight and high-strength material options for fields such as aerospace and automotive industries.
Keywords：Graphene-Based Composite; Functionalization Modification; Mechanical Properties
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 石墨烯基复合材料的研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状综述 1
(三) 本文研究方法与技术路线 1
(四) 研究目的和内容 2
二、石墨烯基复合材料的制备方法 2
(一) 石墨烯基复合材料的制备原理 2
(二) 不同制备方法的比较分析 3
(三) 制备工艺对材料性能的影响 4
三、石墨烯基复合材料的力学性能测试与分析 4
(一) 力学性能测试方法的选择 4
(二) 力学性能的主要影响因素 5
(三) 测试结果的数据分析与讨论 5
四、石墨烯基复合材料的应用潜力与优化策略 6
(一) 材料在实际应用中的挑战 6
(二) 提升力学性能的优化路径 7
(三) 未来发展方向与前景展望 7
结 论 9
参考文献 10
摘要
石墨烯因其优异的力学、电学和热学性能，近年来在复合材料领域受到广泛关注。本研究旨在通过优化制备工艺，提升石墨烯基复合材料的力学性能，并探索其潜在应用价值。为此，采用化学气相沉积法（CVD）与溶液混合法相结合的方式，成功制备了石墨烯/聚合物复合材料，并通过引入功能化改性剂改善石墨烯在基体中的分散性和界面结合力。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）及拉曼光谱对复合材料的微观结构进行表征，同时通过单轴拉伸试验和动态机械分析评估其力学性能。结果表明，功能化改性显著提高了石墨烯在聚合物基体中的分散均匀性，复合材料的拉伸强度和杨氏模量分别较纯聚合物提升了45%和60%。此外，动态机械分析显示复合材料的玻璃化转变温度有所提高，表明其热稳定性得到增强。本研究的创新点在于提出了一种高效的石墨烯功能化方法，有效解决了石墨烯团聚问题，为高性能石墨烯基复合材料的设计与开发提供了新思路。研究成果可为航空航天、汽车工业等领域提供轻质高强的新型材料选择。
关键词：石墨烯基复合材料；功能化改性；力学性能
Abstract
Graphene has attracted extensive attention in the field of composite materials in recent years due to its excellent mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. This study aims to enhance the mechanical properties of graphene-based composites by optimizing the preparation process and exploring their potential application value. To achieve this, graphene/polymer composites were successfully fabricated by combining chemical vapor deposition (CVD) with solution mixing, while the dispersibility and interfacial bonding of graphene in the matrix were improved by introducing functional modifiers. The microstructure of the composites was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Raman spectroscopy. Meanwhile, their mechanical properties were evaluated through uniaxial tensile testing and dynamic mechanical analysis. The results indicate that functional modification significantly enhanced the uniform dispersion of graphene in the polymer matrix, resulting in a 45% increase in tensile strength and a 60% improvement in Young's modulus compared to pure polymer. Additionally, dynamic mechanical analysis revealed an elevated glass transition temperature of the composites, suggesting enhanced thermal stability. The innovation of this study lies in proposing an efficient graphene functionalization method that effectively addresses the issue of graphene agglomeration, providing new insights for the design and development of high-performance graphene-based composites. The research findings offer promising lightweight and high-strength material options for fields such as aerospace and automotive industries.
Keywords：Graphene-Based Composite; Functionalization Modification; Mechanical Properties
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 石墨烯基复合材料的研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状综述 1
(三) 本文研究方法与技术路线 1
(四) 研究目的和内容 2
二、石墨烯基复合材料的制备方法 2
(一) 石墨烯基复合材料的制备原理 2
(二) 不同制备方法的比较分析 3
(三) 制备工艺对材料性能的影响 4
三、石墨烯基复合材料的力学性能测试与分析 4
(一) 力学性能测试方法的选择 4
(二) 力学性能的主要影响因素 5
(三) 测试结果的数据分析与讨论 5
四、石墨烯基复合材料的应用潜力与优化策略 6
(一) 材料在实际应用中的挑战 6
(二) 提升力学性能的优化路径 7
(三) 未来发展方向与前景展望 7
结 论 9
参考文献 10
