摘要
生物基高分子材料因其可再生性和环境友好性，已成为替代传统石油基塑料的重要选择。本研究旨在通过设计与合成新型生物基高分子材料，探索其结构与生物降解性能之间的关系，并开发具有实际应用潜力的环保材料。研究采用可再生资源如植物油、淀粉及木质素为原料，通过酯化、开环聚合及共聚反应等方法制备了一系列生物基高分子材料。通过对材料的热稳定性、力学性能及降解行为进行系统表征，发现特定化学结构显著提升了材料的生物降解速率和环境适应性。实验结果表明，引入支化结构或含氧官能团能够有效促进微生物对材料的降解作用，同时保持良好的机械性能。此外，本研究还提出了一种基于多组分协同效应的共聚策略，成功实现了材料降解性能与加工性能的平衡优化。该研究不仅为生物基高分子材料的设计提供了新思路，还为其在包装、农业及医用领域的广泛应用奠定了理论基础，展现了显著的创新价值和实际意义。
关键词：生物基高分子材料；生物降解性能；化学结构设计；支化结构；多组分协同效应
Abstract
Biomass-based polymers, due to their renewability and environmental friendliness, have become an important alternative to conventional petroleum-based plastics. This study aims to explore the relationship between the structure and biodegradability of novel biomass-based polymers through their design and synthesis, as well as to develop environmentally friendly materials with practical application potential. Renewable resources such as plant oils, starch, and lignin were utilized as raw materials, and a series of biomass-based polymers were prepared via methods including esterification, ring-opening polymerization, and copolymerization reactions. Through systematic characterization of the thermal stability, mechanical properties, and degradation behavior of these materials, it was found that specific chemical structures significantly enhanced the biodegradation rate and environmental adaptability of the materials. The experimental results indicated that the introduction of branched structures or oxygen-containing functional groups could effectively promote microbial degradation while maintaining good mechanical performance. Furthermore, this study proposed a copolymerization strategy based on multi-component synergistic effects, successfully achieving a balanced optimization between the degradation and processability of the materials. This research not only provides new insights into the design of biomass-based polymers but also lays a theoretical foundation for their extensive applications in packaging, agriculture, and medical fields, demonstrating significant innovative value and practical significance.
Keywords：Biobased Polymers; Biodegradation Performance; Chemical Structure Design; Branched Structure; Multicomponent Synergistic Effect
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 生物基高分子材料的研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状与发展趋势 1
(三) 本文研究方法与技术路线 2
二、生物基高分子材料的合成原理与方法 2
(一) 生物基单体的来源与制备 2
(二) 合成反应机制与工艺优化 3
(三) 材料结构设计与性能调控 3
三、生物基高分子材料的生物降解性评价 4
(一) 生物降解性的定义与影响因素 4
(二) 降解性能测试方法与标准 4
(三) 不同环境条件下的降解行为分析 5
四、生物基高分子材料的应用潜力与改性策略 6
(一) 材料在包装领域的应用前景 6
(二) 功能化改性对性能的影响 6
(三) 提高生物降解性的改性途径 7
结 论 8
参考文献 9
