摘要
随着全球对环境保护的关注日益增强，传统农药合成过程中使用的有机溶剂因其高毒性、难降解等特性引发了严重的环境问题。为应对这一挑战，本研究以绿色溶剂为核心，系统评估其在农药合成中的环境友好性。研究选取了多种典型绿色溶剂，包括离子液体、超临界二氧化碳及生物基溶剂，并通过实验设计与理论模拟相结合的方法，分析其在不同农药合成反应中的应用效果。通过对反应效率、产物纯度、溶剂回收率以及环境影响因子的综合评价，结果表明绿色溶剂能够显著降低农药合成过程中的环境污染风险，同时提高反应的选择性和产率。特别地，本研究首次提出了一种基于生命周期分析（LCA）的绿色溶剂环境友好性量化模型，该模型为绿色溶剂的选择与优化提供了科学依据。此外，研究还发现某些特定绿色溶剂在复杂反应体系中表现出优异的稳定性和可重复使用性，这为其工业化应用奠定了基础。综上所述，本研究不仅揭示了绿色溶剂在农药合成领域的潜在优势，还为推动农药行业向可持续发展方向转型提供了重要参考。
关键词：绿色溶剂；农药合成；环境友好性；生命周期分析；溶剂回收率
Abstract
With the growing global attention to environmental protection, the organic solvents used in the traditional synthesis of pesticides have caused serious environmental problems due to their high toxicity and difficulty in degradation. To address this challenge, this study focuses on green solvents and systematically evaluates their environmental friendliness in pesticide synthesis. A variety of typical green solvents, including ionic liquids, supercritical carbon dioxide, and bio-based solvents, were selected and analyzed for their application effects in different pesticide synthesis reactions through a combination of experimental design and theoretical simulation. By comprehensively evaluating reaction efficiency, product purity, solvent recovery rate, and environmental impact factors, the results indicate that green solvents can significantly reduce the environmental pollution risks associated with pesticide synthesis while enhancing reaction selectivity and yield. Notably, this study proposes for the first time a quantification model for the environmental friendliness of green solvents based on life cycle analysis (LCA), providing a scientific basis for the selection and optimization of green solvents. Additionally, it was found that certain specific green solvents exhibit excellent stability and reusability in complex reaction systems, laying the foundation for their industrial application. In summary, this study not only reveals the potential advantages of green solvents in the field of pesticide synthesis but also provides significant reference for promoting the transformation of the pesticide industry toward sustainable development.
Keywords：Green Solvent; Pesticide Synthesis; Environmental Friendliness; Life Cycle Analysis; Solvent Recovery Rate
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 绿色溶剂与农药合成的研究背景 1
(二) 环境友好性评估的意义与价值 1
(三) 国内外研究现状分析 2
二、绿色溶剂的环境特性分析 2
(一) 绿色溶剂的基本定义与分类 2
(二) 绿色溶剂的环境影响评价指标 3
(三) 农药合成中绿色溶剂的选择标准 3
三、农药合成中的绿色溶剂应用评估 4
(一) 农药合成工艺对溶剂的需求 4
(二) 绿色溶剂在典型农药合成中的应用案例 4
(三) 应用过程中的技术挑战与解决方案 5
四、环境友好性综合评估体系构建 5
(一) 环境友好性评估的核心要素 5
(二) 评估体系的设计与实施方法 6
(三) 案例分析 7
结 论 8
参考文献 9
