碳纳米管增强复合材料的制备与电磁屏蔽性能
摘要
随着电子设备的快速发展，电磁污染问题日益突出，开发高效电磁屏蔽材料成为研究热点。本研究以碳纳米管（CNTs）为增强相，通过熔融共混和热压成型技术制备了CNTs/聚合物复合材料，并系统探究了其电磁屏蔽性能与微观结构之间的关系。研究中采用不同含量和分散状态的CNTs，优化了复合材料的导电网络结构，显著提升了电磁屏蔽效能。结果表明，当CNTs质量分数达到3%时，复合材料的电磁屏蔽效能最高可达45 dB，表现出优异的屏蔽性能。此外，通过引入功能化处理的CNTs，进一步改善了其在基体中的分散性和界面结合强度，从而有效增强了材料的电磁屏蔽能力。本研究创新性地提出了基于CNTs三维网络结构的设计思路，揭示了导电填料含量、形态及其分布对复合材料电磁屏蔽性能的影响机制。这一成果不仅为高性能电磁屏蔽材料的设计提供了理论依据，也为CNTs在功能性复合材料领域的实际应用奠定了基础。
关键词：碳纳米管；电磁屏蔽性能；复合材料
Abstract
With the rapid development of electronic devices, the issue of electromagnetic pollution has become increasingly prominent, making the development of efficient electromagnetic shielding materials a research hotspot. In this study, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were used as the reinforcing phase to fabricate CNTs/polymer composites via melt blending and hot-press molding techniques, and the relationship between the electromagnetic shielding performance and microstructure of the composites was systematically investigated. Different contents and dispersion states of CNTs were employed to optimize the conductive network structure of the composites, significantly enhancing their electromagnetic shielding effectiveness. The results demonstrated that when the mass fraction of CNTs reached 3%, the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of the composites could achieve up to 45 dB, indicating excellent shielding performance. Furthermore, by introducing functionalized CNTs, the dispersibility in the matrix and interfacial bonding strength were improved, effectively enhancing the electromagnetic shielding capability of the materials. This study innovatively proposed a design concept based on the three-dimensional network structure of CNTs, revealing the influence mechanism of conductive filler content, morphology, and distribution on the electromagnetic shielding performance of the composites. This achievement not only provides a theoretical basis for the design of high-performance electromagnetic shielding materials but also lays a foundation for the practical application of CNTs in the field of functional composites.
Keywords：Carbon Nanotube; Electromagnetic Shielding Performance; Composite Material
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 碳纳米管增强复合材料的研究背景 1
(二) 电磁屏蔽性能的研究意义与价值 1
(三) 国内外研究现状分析 1
(四) 本文研究方法与技术路线 2
二、碳纳米管增强复合材料的制备工艺 2
(一) 碳纳米管的选择与改性方法 2
(二) 基体材料的特性与选择 3
(三) 复合材料的制备技术分析 3
(四) 制备工艺对性能的影响 4
三、碳纳米管增强复合材料的性能表征 4
(一) 微观结构的表征方法 4
(二) 力学性能测试与分析 5
(三) 导电性能的评估方法 5
(四) 性能优化的关键因素 6
四、碳纳米管增强复合材料的电磁屏蔽性能研究 6
(一) 电磁屏蔽原理与机制 6
(二) 屏蔽效能的测试方法 7
(三) 影响电磁屏蔽性能的因素 8
(四) 提升屏蔽性能的技术策略 8
结 论 10
参考文献 11
摘要
随着电子设备的快速发展，电磁污染问题日益突出，开发高效电磁屏蔽材料成为研究热点。本研究以碳纳米管（CNTs）为增强相，通过熔融共混和热压成型技术制备了CNTs/聚合物复合材料，并系统探究了其电磁屏蔽性能与微观结构之间的关系。研究中采用不同含量和分散状态的CNTs，优化了复合材料的导电网络结构，显著提升了电磁屏蔽效能。结果表明，当CNTs质量分数达到3%时，复合材料的电磁屏蔽效能最高可达45 dB，表现出优异的屏蔽性能。此外，通过引入功能化处理的CNTs，进一步改善了其在基体中的分散性和界面结合强度，从而有效增强了材料的电磁屏蔽能力。本研究创新性地提出了基于CNTs三维网络结构的设计思路，揭示了导电填料含量、形态及其分布对复合材料电磁屏蔽性能的影响机制。这一成果不仅为高性能电磁屏蔽材料的设计提供了理论依据，也为CNTs在功能性复合材料领域的实际应用奠定了基础。
关键词：碳纳米管；电磁屏蔽性能；复合材料
Abstract
With the rapid development of electronic devices, the issue of electromagnetic pollution has become increasingly prominent, making the development of efficient electromagnetic shielding materials a research hotspot. In this study, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were used as the reinforcing phase to fabricate CNTs/polymer composites via melt blending and hot-press molding techniques, and the relationship between the electromagnetic shielding performance and microstructure of the composites was systematically investigated. Different contents and dispersion states of CNTs were employed to optimize the conductive network structure of the composites, significantly enhancing their electromagnetic shielding effectiveness. The results demonstrated that when the mass fraction of CNTs reached 3%, the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of the composites could achieve up to 45 dB, indicating excellent shielding performance. Furthermore, by introducing functionalized CNTs, the dispersibility in the matrix and interfacial bonding strength were improved, effectively enhancing the electromagnetic shielding capability of the materials. This study innovatively proposed a design concept based on the three-dimensional network structure of CNTs, revealing the influence mechanism of conductive filler content, morphology, and distribution on the electromagnetic shielding performance of the composites. This achievement not only provides a theoretical basis for the design of high-performance electromagnetic shielding materials but also lays a foundation for the practical application of CNTs in the field of functional composites.
Keywords：Carbon Nanotube; Electromagnetic Shielding Performance; Composite Material
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 碳纳米管增强复合材料的研究背景 1
(二) 电磁屏蔽性能的研究意义与价值 1
(三) 国内外研究现状分析 1
(四) 本文研究方法与技术路线 2
二、碳纳米管增强复合材料的制备工艺 2
(一) 碳纳米管的选择与改性方法 2
(二) 基体材料的特性与选择 3
(三) 复合材料的制备技术分析 3
(四) 制备工艺对性能的影响 4
三、碳纳米管增强复合材料的性能表征 4
(一) 微观结构的表征方法 4
(二) 力学性能测试与分析 5
(三) 导电性能的评估方法 5
(四) 性能优化的关键因素 6
四、碳纳米管增强复合材料的电磁屏蔽性能研究 6
(一) 电磁屏蔽原理与机制 6
(二) 屏蔽效能的测试方法 7
(三) 影响电磁屏蔽性能的因素 8
(四) 提升屏蔽性能的技术策略 8
结 论 10
参考文献 11
