摘要
《民法典》的颁布实施标志着我国民事法律体系进入新阶段，其中居住权制度作为用益物权的重要组成部分首次入典，对保障弱势群体住房权益、完善住房供应体系具有深远意义。本文旨在探讨居住权制度在司法实践中的适用状况与完善路径，通过梳理域外立法经验，结合我国国情和社会需求，运用文献研究、比较分析和实证调查等方法，深入剖析现行居住权制度存在的问题。研究发现，《民法典》中居住权条款存在规定较为原则、配套规则缺失、登记程序不完善等问题，导致实践中出现权利边界模糊、执行难度大等困境。本文创新性地提出构建居住权类型化体系，区分法定居住权与意定居住权，并针对不同类型设置差异化规则；建议完善居住权登记制度，明确登记效力及程序要求；探索建立居住权评估机制，为司法裁判提供量化依据。这些研究成果不仅丰富了居住权理论体系，更为相关立法解释和司法实践提供了有益参考，有助于推动居住权制度在我国的有效实施，实现“住有所居”的社会目标。
关键词：居住权制度；民法典；司法实践
Abstract
The promulgation and implementation of the Civil Code signifies a new phase in China's civil legal system, with the introduction of the right of habitation as an essential component of usufructuary rights for the first time. This institutional inclusion holds profound implications for safeguarding housing rights of vulnerable groups and refining the housing supply system. This paper aims to explore the application status and improvement pathways of the right of habitation in judicial practice. By reviewing foreign legislative experiences and integrating China’s national conditions and social needs, this study employs methods such as literature review, comparative analysis, and empirical investigation to thoroughly analyze existing issues within the current right of habitation system. The research reveals that provisions concerning the right of habitation in the Civil Code are relatively general, lacking supporting rules and suffering from imperfect registration procedures, leading to ambiguous boundaries of rights and difficulties in enforcement in practice. Innovatively, this paper proposes the construction of a typological system for the right of habitation, distinguishing between statutory and contractual rights, and setting differentiated rules for different types; it also suggests improving the registration system for the right of habitation by clarifying registration effects and procedural requirements, and exploring the establishment of an evaluation mechanism for the right of habitation to provide quantifiable criteria for judicial adjudication. These research findings not only enrich the theoretical fr amework of the right of habitation but also offer valuable references for related legislative interpretations and judicial practices, thereby contributing to the effective implementation of the right of habitation in China and achieving the social goal of “adequate housing for all.”
Keywords：Right To Habitation System; Civil Code; Judicial Practice
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状 1
(三) 研究方法与思路 2
二、居住权制度的法律基础 2
(一) 民法典中居住权的定义 2
(二) 居住权的历史沿革 3
(三) 居住权与其他权利的关系 3
三、居住权设立与行使规则 4
(一) 居住权的设立方式 4
(二) 居住权的内容与限制 5
(三) 居住权的消灭条件 5
四、居住权制度的适用困境 6
(一) 实践中的适用难题 6
(二) 相关配套制度的缺失 7
(三) 利益冲突的协调机制 7
结 论 9
参考文献 10
《民法典》的颁布实施标志着我国民事法律体系进入新阶段，其中居住权制度作为用益物权的重要组成部分首次入典，对保障弱势群体住房权益、完善住房供应体系具有深远意义。本文旨在探讨居住权制度在司法实践中的适用状况与完善路径，通过梳理域外立法经验，结合我国国情和社会需求，运用文献研究、比较分析和实证调查等方法，深入剖析现行居住权制度存在的问题。研究发现，《民法典》中居住权条款存在规定较为原则、配套规则缺失、登记程序不完善等问题，导致实践中出现权利边界模糊、执行难度大等困境。本文创新性地提出构建居住权类型化体系，区分法定居住权与意定居住权，并针对不同类型设置差异化规则；建议完善居住权登记制度，明确登记效力及程序要求；探索建立居住权评估机制，为司法裁判提供量化依据。这些研究成果不仅丰富了居住权理论体系，更为相关立法解释和司法实践提供了有益参考，有助于推动居住权制度在我国的有效实施，实现“住有所居”的社会目标。
关键词：居住权制度；民法典；司法实践
Abstract
The promulgation and implementation of the Civil Code signifies a new phase in China's civil legal system, with the introduction of the right of habitation as an essential component of usufructuary rights for the first time. This institutional inclusion holds profound implications for safeguarding housing rights of vulnerable groups and refining the housing supply system. This paper aims to explore the application status and improvement pathways of the right of habitation in judicial practice. By reviewing foreign legislative experiences and integrating China’s national conditions and social needs, this study employs methods such as literature review, comparative analysis, and empirical investigation to thoroughly analyze existing issues within the current right of habitation system. The research reveals that provisions concerning the right of habitation in the Civil Code are relatively general, lacking supporting rules and suffering from imperfect registration procedures, leading to ambiguous boundaries of rights and difficulties in enforcement in practice. Innovatively, this paper proposes the construction of a typological system for the right of habitation, distinguishing between statutory and contractual rights, and setting differentiated rules for different types; it also suggests improving the registration system for the right of habitation by clarifying registration effects and procedural requirements, and exploring the establishment of an evaluation mechanism for the right of habitation to provide quantifiable criteria for judicial adjudication. These research findings not only enrich the theoretical fr amework of the right of habitation but also offer valuable references for related legislative interpretations and judicial practices, thereby contributing to the effective implementation of the right of habitation in China and achieving the social goal of “adequate housing for all.”
Keywords：Right To Habitation System; Civil Code; Judicial Practice
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状 1
(三) 研究方法与思路 2
二、居住权制度的法律基础 2
(一) 民法典中居住权的定义 2
(二) 居住权的历史沿革 3
(三) 居住权与其他权利的关系 3
三、居住权设立与行使规则 4
(一) 居住权的设立方式 4
(二) 居住权的内容与限制 5
(三) 居住权的消灭条件 5
四、居住权制度的适用困境 6
(一) 实践中的适用难题 6
(二) 相关配套制度的缺失 7
(三) 利益冲突的协调机制 7
结 论 9
参考文献 10
