社区养老服务中志愿者的角色与作用研究 -社会工作专业

摘要

随着我国人口老龄化加剧，社区养老服务需求日益增长，志愿者在其中扮演着不可或缺的角色。本研究旨在探讨志愿者在社区养老服务中的角色与作用，通过文献分析、问卷调查和案例研究相结合的方法，对北京市5个典型社区进行深入调研，共收集有效问卷826份，访谈对象涵盖社区工作人员、老年人及其家属和志愿者。研究发现，志愿者不仅为老年人提供生活照料、精神慰藉等直接服务，还在资源整合、组织协调等方面发挥重要作用；志愿者服务存在区域发展不平衡、服务内容单一等问题。创新性地提出建立志愿者服务体系评价标准，完善激励机制，加强培训以提升服务质量，促进志愿服务专业化发展。研究表明，充分发挥志愿者作用能有效补充专业养老服务力量，构建多元化的社区养老服务体系，为应对人口老龄化提供新思路。

关键词：社区养老服务；志愿者作用；志愿服务体系

Abstract

As China's population aging intensifies, the demand for community-based elderly care services is growing rapidly, and volunteers play an indispensable role in this process. This study aims to explore the roles and contributions of volunteers in community elderly care services by employing a combination of literature analysis, questionnaire surveys, and case studies. In-depth investigations were conducted in five representative communities in Beijing, collecting 826 valid questionnaires and conducting interviews with community staff, elderly individuals, their families, and volunteers. The findings reveal that volunteers not only provide direct services such as daily living assistance and emotional support but also play significant roles in resource integration and organizational coordination. However, challenges such as regional disparities in volunteer service development.Innovatively, this study proposes establishing evaluation standards for volunteer service systems, improving incentive mechanisms, and enhancing training to elevate service quality, thereby promoting the professional development of volunteer services. The research demonstrates that fully leveraging the role of volunteers can effectively supplement professional elderly care services, construct a diversified community elderly care service system, and offer new perspectives on addressing population aging.

Keywords：Community Elderly Care Services; Volunteer Role; Volunteer Service System

摘要 I

Abstract II

一、绪论 1

(一) 社区养老服务的背景与意义 1

(二) 志愿者研究领域的现状综述 1

(三) 本文的研究方法与结构安排 1

二、志愿者在社区养老中的角色定位 2

(一) 志愿者的身份认同与角色认知 2

(二) 志愿者与专业服务人员的关系 2

(三) 志愿者在社区中的多重角色 3

三、志愿者对社区养老服务的作用机制 3