摘 要
抗生素不合理使用已成为全球公共卫生领域的重大挑战，护士作为临床一线工作人员，在抗生素管理中发挥着重要作用。本研究旨在全面评估护士对抗生素合理使用知识的掌握情况，为优化医院感染控制提供依据。通过分层随机抽样法选取某三甲医院不同科室的320名护士作为调查对象，采用自行设计的问卷进行横断面调查，内容涵盖抗生素基础知识、用药指征、给药途径及不良反应等方面。结果显示，护士总体知识得分为(72.5±10.3)分，其中内科护士得分显著高于外科护士；工作年限与知识掌握程度呈正相关；对常见抗生素种类认知较好，但对联合用药原则和特殊人群用药存在明显不足。进一步分析发现，影响护士知识水平的主要因素包括学历背景、继续教育机会以及所在科室的专业特点。本研究创新性地构建了护士抗生素知识评估体系，并首次提出将抗生素合理使用纳入护理人员规范化培训体系的建议，为提高临床抗生素管理水平提供了重要参考。研究表明加强护士专业知识培训，特别是针对薄弱环节开展针对性教育，有助于提升整体医疗质量，减少耐药菌产生风险，具有重要的现实意义。
关键词：抗生素合理使用；护士知识水平；医院感染控制；继续教育；联合用药原则
Abstract
The irrational use of antibiotics has become a significant challenge in global public health, and nurses, as frontline clinical staff, play a crucial role in antibiotic stewardship. This study aims to comprehensively evaluate nurses' knowledge regarding the rational use of antibiotics to provide evidence for optimizing hospital infection control. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a stratified random sampling method to select 320 nurses from various departments of a tertiary hospital. A self-designed questionnaire was used to assess knowledge in areas such as basic antibiotic principles, indications for use, routes of administration, and adverse reactions. The results showed that the overall knowledge score of nurses was (72.5±10.3), with internal medicine nurses scoring significantly higher than surgical nurses. Work experience was positively correlated with knowledge proficiency. While nurses demonstrated good recognition of common antibiotic types, there were notable deficiencies in understanding combination therapy principles and antibiotic use in special populations. Further analysis revealed that the primary factors influencing nurses' knowledge levels included educational background, opportunities for continuing education, and departmental specialty characteristics. This study innovatively constructed an evaluation system for nurses' antibiotic knowledge and proposed, for the first time, the inclusion of rational antibiotic use in the standardized training system for nursing personnel, providing important references for improving clinical antibiotic management. The findings suggest that enhancing professional knowledge training for nurses, particularly focusing on weak areas, can contribute to improved overall medical quality and reduce the risk of antimicrobial resistance, highlighting its significant practical implications.
Keywords：Rational Use Of Antibiotics；Nurse Knowledge Level；Hospital Infection Control；Continuing Education；Principles Of Combination Therapy
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
引 言 1
第一章 护士抗生素知识现状调查 2
1.1 调查方案设计与实施 2
1.2 样本选择与数据收集 2
1.3 知识掌握水平初步分析 3
第二章 影响护士知识掌握的因素 4
2.1 教育背景对知识的影响 4
2.2 工作年限与知识掌握关系 4
2.3 医院培训机制的作用评估 5
第三章 抗生素使用误区及认知偏差 6
3.1 常见使用误区分析 6
3.2 认知偏差的类型与成因认知偏差主要体现在几个方面 6
3.3 临床实践中的错误案例 7
第四章 提升护士知识水平的策略 8
4.1 完善教育培训体系 8
4.2 强化临床指导监督 8
4.3 构建持续学习机制 9
结 论 11
参考文献 12
致 谢 13
