摘要
民法典的颁布实施为我国民事法律体系的完善奠定了坚实基础，其中监护制度作为保护未成年人权益的重要法律机制，在新时代背景下亟待进一步优化。本文聚焦民法典中监护制度的完善与未成年人保护这一主题，旨在探讨现行监护制度存在的不足并提出针对性改进建议。通过对国内外相关立法例进行比较研究，结合我国司法实践中的典型案例分析，深入剖析现行监护制度在适用范围、设立程序、监督机制等方面存在的问题。研究发现，现行监护制度在监护资格认定标准、监护职责履行保障、监护终止条件等方面存在改进空间。为此，本文创新性地提出了构建多元化监护模式、强化监护监督机制、完善监护责任追究体系等建议，以期实现对未成年人更全面有效的保护。研究成果不仅为我国监护制度的完善提供了理论支持，也为司法实践中处理监护类案件提供了有益参考，对于推动我国未成年人保护事业的发展具有重要意义。
关键词：民法典；监护制度；未成年人保护
Abstract
The promulgation and implementation of the Civil Code have laid a solid foundation for the perfection of China's civil legal system. As an important legal mechanism for protecting the rights and interests of minors, the guardianship system requires further optimization in the context of the new era. This paper focuses on the improvement of the guardianship system within the Civil Code and the protection of minors, aiming to explore the deficiencies in the current guardianship system and propose targeted recommendations. Through comparative studies of domestic and international legislative examples and analyses of typical cases in China’s judicial practice, this research delves into issues existing in the scope of application, establishment procedures, and supervisory mechanisms of the current guardianship system. The findings indicate that there is room for improvement in areas such as criteria for determining guardianship qualifications, guarantees for fulfilling guardianship duties, and conditions for terminating guardianship. To address these issues, this paper innovatively proposes establishing a diversified guardianship model, strengthening the guardianship supervision mechanism, and improving the accountability system for guardianship responsibilities, with the goal of achieving more comprehensive and effective protection for minors. The research not only provides theoretical support for the improvement of China’s guardianship system but also offers valuable references for handling guardianship-related cases in judicial practice, significantly contributing to the development of minor protection efforts in China.
Keywords：Civil Code; Guardianship System; Minor Protection
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状综述 1
(三) 研究方法与技术路线 2
二、监护制度的基本理论 2
(一) 民法典中监护制度的内涵 2
(二) 监护制度的历史沿革 3
(三) 监护制度的原则与价值取向 3
三、未成年人监护权的设立与行使 4
(一) 监护权设立的法定条件 4
(二) 监护人的资格与选任机制 5
(三) 监护职责的具体内容 5
四、监护监督与救济机制的完善 6
(一) 监护监督体系的构建 6
(二) 监护失职的法律责任 7
(三) 未成年人权益的司法保护 7
结 论 9
参考文献 10
民法典的颁布实施为我国民事法律体系的完善奠定了坚实基础，其中监护制度作为保护未成年人权益的重要法律机制，在新时代背景下亟待进一步优化。本文聚焦民法典中监护制度的完善与未成年人保护这一主题，旨在探讨现行监护制度存在的不足并提出针对性改进建议。通过对国内外相关立法例进行比较研究，结合我国司法实践中的典型案例分析，深入剖析现行监护制度在适用范围、设立程序、监督机制等方面存在的问题。研究发现，现行监护制度在监护资格认定标准、监护职责履行保障、监护终止条件等方面存在改进空间。为此，本文创新性地提出了构建多元化监护模式、强化监护监督机制、完善监护责任追究体系等建议，以期实现对未成年人更全面有效的保护。研究成果不仅为我国监护制度的完善提供了理论支持，也为司法实践中处理监护类案件提供了有益参考，对于推动我国未成年人保护事业的发展具有重要意义。
关键词：民法典；监护制度；未成年人保护
Abstract
The promulgation and implementation of the Civil Code have laid a solid foundation for the perfection of China's civil legal system. As an important legal mechanism for protecting the rights and interests of minors, the guardianship system requires further optimization in the context of the new era. This paper focuses on the improvement of the guardianship system within the Civil Code and the protection of minors, aiming to explore the deficiencies in the current guardianship system and propose targeted recommendations. Through comparative studies of domestic and international legislative examples and analyses of typical cases in China’s judicial practice, this research delves into issues existing in the scope of application, establishment procedures, and supervisory mechanisms of the current guardianship system. The findings indicate that there is room for improvement in areas such as criteria for determining guardianship qualifications, guarantees for fulfilling guardianship duties, and conditions for terminating guardianship. To address these issues, this paper innovatively proposes establishing a diversified guardianship model, strengthening the guardianship supervision mechanism, and improving the accountability system for guardianship responsibilities, with the goal of achieving more comprehensive and effective protection for minors. The research not only provides theoretical support for the improvement of China’s guardianship system but also offers valuable references for handling guardianship-related cases in judicial practice, significantly contributing to the development of minor protection efforts in China.
Keywords：Civil Code; Guardianship System; Minor Protection
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状综述 1
(三) 研究方法与技术路线 2
二、监护制度的基本理论 2
(一) 民法典中监护制度的内涵 2
(二) 监护制度的历史沿革 3
(三) 监护制度的原则与价值取向 3
三、未成年人监护权的设立与行使 4
(一) 监护权设立的法定条件 4
(二) 监护人的资格与选任机制 5
(三) 监护职责的具体内容 5
四、监护监督与救济机制的完善 6
(一) 监护监督体系的构建 6
(二) 监护失职的法律责任 7
(三) 未成年人权益的司法保护 7
结 论 9
参考文献 10
