电力系统负荷的谐波特性及其影响分析 -电气工程及其自动化专业

摘要

随着现代电力电子设备的广泛应用，电力系统中的谐波问题日益突出，严重影响电能质量与系统稳定运行。本研究旨在深入分析电力系统负荷的谐波特性及其对电网的影响，通过理论分析与实测数据相结合的方法，探讨不同类型负荷产生的谐波特征及时空分布规律。采用快速傅里叶变换算法对采集到的电压电流信号进行频谱分析，建立数学模型以量化谐波源特性，并结合现场实测数据分析不同工况下谐波的传播路径及影响范围。研究发现，非线性负荷是主要谐波源，其产生的谐波具有明显的频率相关性和时变特性，且在特定条件下可能引发系统谐振现象。针对上述问题，提出基于多目标优化的谐波抑制策略，有效降低谐波畸变率并改善电能质量。本研究创新性地引入了时频域联合分析方法，实现了对复杂工况下谐波特性的精准描述，为制定合理的谐波治理方案提供了理论依据和技术支持，对保障电力系统的安全稳定运行具有重要意义。

关键词：谐波特性非线性负荷频谱分析

Abstract

With the widespread application of modern power electronic devices, harmonic issues in power systems have become increasingly prominent, severely affecting power quality and system stability. This study aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of the harmonic characteristics of power system loads and their impact on the grid. By integrating theoretical analysis with field measurement data, this research explores the harmonic features and spatiotemporal distribution patterns generated by different types of loads. The fast Fourier transform algorithm is employed for spectral analysis of collected voltage and current signals, establishing mathematical models to quantify harmonic source characteristics. Combining field measurement data, the propagation paths and influence ranges of harmonics under various operating conditions are analyzed. Findings reveal that nonlinear loads are the primary harmonic sources, producing harmonics with significant frequency correlation and time-varying characteristics, which may trigger system resonance under specific conditions. In response to these issues, a multi-ob jective optimization-based harmonic suppression strategy is proposed, effectively reducing harmonic distortion rates and improving power quality. Innovatively, this study introduces a joint time-frequency domain analysis method, achieving precise desc riptions of harmonic characteristics under complex operating conditions, providing theoretical basis and technical support for formulating effective harmonic mitigation strategies, and ensuring the safe and stable operation of power systems.

Keyword:Harmonic Characteristics Nonlinear Load Spectrum Analysis

1绪论 1

1.1研究背景与意义 1

1.2国内外研究现状 1

1.3研究方法与技术路线 1

2谐波特性理论基础 2

2.1谐波的基本概念 2

2.2谐波产生的机理 3

2.3谐波的数学模型 3

3电力系统负荷谐波特性 4

3.1不同类型负荷的谐波特性 4

3.2负荷谐波特性的影响因素 5