摘要
合同违约责任中的损害赔偿范围及计算标准是民商法领域的重要议题，随着市场经济的发展和交易模式的多样化，传统理论在应对复杂商业实践时面临诸多挑战。本文旨在系统梳理我国现行法律框架下合同违约损害赔偿制度，通过比较分析大陆法系与英美法系相关理论，结合我国司法实践案例，探讨如何合理界定损害赔偿范围并建立科学的计算标准。研究发现，当前立法存在模糊地带，特别是可预见性规则、因果关系判定以及间接损失认定等方面亟待完善。通过对120个典型判例的实证分析，提出应引入“相当因果关系”理论作为判断基础，并确立以实际损失为主、预期利益为辅的赔偿原则。创新之处在于构建了包含直接损失、间接损失、机会成本在内的多层次损害赔偿体系，同时提出了基于行业惯例和市场行情的动态调整机制，为司法实践提供了更具操作性的解决方案，有助于平衡合同双方权益，维护市场秩序稳定。研究成果不仅填补了现有理论空白，也为完善我国合同法相关立法提供了有益参考。
关键词：合同违约损害赔偿；相当因果关系；实际损失与预期利益
Abstract
The scope and calculation standards of damages for breach of contract are significant issues in the field of civil and commercial law. As the market economy develops and transaction models diversify, traditional theories face numerous challenges in addressing complex commercial practices. This paper aims to systematically examine the current legal fr amework of contractual breach damage compensation in China by comparing relevant theories from both civil law and common law systems and analyzing Chinese judicial practice cases. The study explores how to reasonably define the scope of damage compensation and establish scientific calculation standards. Research findings indicate that current legislation contains ambiguous areas, particularly concerning the foreseeability rule, causation determination, and recognition of consequential losses, which urgently need improvement. Through empirical analysis of 120 typical cases, it is proposed that the "proximate cause" theory should be introduced as a basis for judgment, establishing a compensation principle primarily based on actual loss with expected benefits as a secondary consideration. Innovatively, this study constructs a multi-level damage compensation system encompassing direct loss, indirect loss, and opportunity cost, while also proposing a dynamic adjustment mechanism based on industry practices and market conditions, providing more operational solutions for judicial practice. This aids in balancing the rights of both contracting parties and maintaining market order stability. The research not only fills existing theoretical gaps but also offers valuable references for improving related legislation in China's Contract Law.
Keywords：Contract Breach Damages; Proximate Causation; Actual Loss And Expectation Interest
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状综述 1
(三) 研究方法与技术路线 2
二、损害赔偿范围的界定原则 2
(一) 实际损失的构成要素 2
(二) 可得利益损失的认定 3
(三) 间接损失的考量标准 3
(四) 损失因果关系的判断 4
三、损害赔偿计算的基本方法 5
(一) 直接损失的量化方式 5
(二) 预期利益损失的评估 5
(三) 减损义务对赔偿的影响 6
(四) 赔偿数额的司法裁量 7
四、特殊情形下的损害赔偿 7
(一) 不可抗力因素的影响 7
(二) 过错相抵原则的应用 8
(三) 惩罚性赔偿的适用条件 9
(四) 第三方过错的责任分担 9
结 论 11
参考文献 12
合同违约责任中的损害赔偿范围及计算标准是民商法领域的重要议题，随着市场经济的发展和交易模式的多样化，传统理论在应对复杂商业实践时面临诸多挑战。本文旨在系统梳理我国现行法律框架下合同违约损害赔偿制度，通过比较分析大陆法系与英美法系相关理论，结合我国司法实践案例，探讨如何合理界定损害赔偿范围并建立科学的计算标准。研究发现，当前立法存在模糊地带，特别是可预见性规则、因果关系判定以及间接损失认定等方面亟待完善。通过对120个典型判例的实证分析，提出应引入“相当因果关系”理论作为判断基础，并确立以实际损失为主、预期利益为辅的赔偿原则。创新之处在于构建了包含直接损失、间接损失、机会成本在内的多层次损害赔偿体系，同时提出了基于行业惯例和市场行情的动态调整机制，为司法实践提供了更具操作性的解决方案，有助于平衡合同双方权益，维护市场秩序稳定。研究成果不仅填补了现有理论空白，也为完善我国合同法相关立法提供了有益参考。
关键词：合同违约损害赔偿；相当因果关系；实际损失与预期利益
Abstract
The scope and calculation standards of damages for breach of contract are significant issues in the field of civil and commercial law. As the market economy develops and transaction models diversify, traditional theories face numerous challenges in addressing complex commercial practices. This paper aims to systematically examine the current legal fr amework of contractual breach damage compensation in China by comparing relevant theories from both civil law and common law systems and analyzing Chinese judicial practice cases. The study explores how to reasonably define the scope of damage compensation and establish scientific calculation standards. Research findings indicate that current legislation contains ambiguous areas, particularly concerning the foreseeability rule, causation determination, and recognition of consequential losses, which urgently need improvement. Through empirical analysis of 120 typical cases, it is proposed that the "proximate cause" theory should be introduced as a basis for judgment, establishing a compensation principle primarily based on actual loss with expected benefits as a secondary consideration. Innovatively, this study constructs a multi-level damage compensation system encompassing direct loss, indirect loss, and opportunity cost, while also proposing a dynamic adjustment mechanism based on industry practices and market conditions, providing more operational solutions for judicial practice. This aids in balancing the rights of both contracting parties and maintaining market order stability. The research not only fills existing theoretical gaps but also offers valuable references for improving related legislation in China's Contract Law.
Keywords：Contract Breach Damages; Proximate Causation; Actual Loss And Expectation Interest
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状综述 1
(三) 研究方法与技术路线 2
二、损害赔偿范围的界定原则 2
(一) 实际损失的构成要素 2
(二) 可得利益损失的认定 3
(三) 间接损失的考量标准 3
(四) 损失因果关系的判断 4
三、损害赔偿计算的基本方法 5
(一) 直接损失的量化方式 5
(二) 预期利益损失的评估 5
(三) 减损义务对赔偿的影响 6
(四) 赔偿数额的司法裁量 7
四、特殊情形下的损害赔偿 7
(一) 不可抗力因素的影响 7
(二) 过错相抵原则的应用 8
(三) 惩罚性赔偿的适用条件 9
(四) 第三方过错的责任分担 9
结 论 11
参考文献 12
