摘 要
随着工业化进程的加速，废水排放量不断增加，传统处理方法难以满足日益严格的环保要求。电化学方法作为一种新兴的废水处理技术，具有高效、环保、可调控等优点，在重金属离子去除、有机污染物降解等方面展现出巨大潜力。本研究旨在探讨电化学方法在废水处理中的应用效果及机制，以期为实际工程应用提供理论依据和技术支持。通过构建不同类型的电化学反应体系，包括二维和三维电极系统，并引入新型电极材料如石墨烯基复合材料，对多种典型污染物进行处理实验。结果表明，优化后的电化学体系对重金属铜离子的去除率可达98%以上，对难降解有机物如苯酚的矿化程度显著提高。创新性地提出并验证了基于原位生成活性物种的协同氧化还原机制，有效解决了传统方法中电流效率低、能耗高的问题。该研究不仅丰富了电化学水处理理论体系，还为开发高效节能的污水处理工艺提供了新思路，具有重要的学术价值和广阔的应用前景。
关键词：电化学处理 重金属去除 有机物降解
Abstract
With the acceleration of industrialization, the volume of wastewater discharge has been increasing, and traditional treatment methods are struggling to meet the increasingly stringent environmental protection requirements. Electrochemical methods, as an emerging wastewater treatment technology, possess advantages such as high efficiency, environmental friendliness, and controllability, demonstrating great potential in the removal of heavy me tal ions and degradation of organic pollutants. This study aims to investigate the application effects and mechanisms of electrochemical methods in wastewater treatment, providing theoretical basis and technical support for practical engineering applications. By constructing various types of electrochemical reaction systems, including two-dimensional and three-dimensional electrode systems, and introducing novel electrode materials such as graphene-based composites, experiments were conducted on multiple typical pollutants. The results show that the optimized electrochemical system can achieve a removal rate of over 98% for heavy me tal copper ions and significantly improve the mineralization degree of refractory organics like phenol. An innovative synergistic redox mechanism based on in-situ generated reactive species was proposed and verified, effectively addressing the issues of low current efficiency and high energy consumption in traditional methods. This research not only enriches the theoretical system of electrochemical water treatment but also provides new ideas for developing efficient and energy-saving wastewater treatment processes, holding significant academic value and broad application prospects.
Keyword:Electrochemical Treatment Heavy me tal Removal Organic Matter Degradation
目 录
1绪论 1
1.1电化学方法处理废水的背景与意义 1
1.2国内外研究现状综述 1
1.3本文研究方法与技术路线 1
2电化学处理废水的基本原理 2
2.1电化学反应机制分析 2
2.2电极材料的选择与优化 2
2.3影响电化学处理效果的因素 3
3电化学方法在不同类型废水处理中的应用 4
3.1工业废水处理中的应用 4
3.2生活污水处理中的应用 4
3.3特殊污染物去除的应用 5
4电化学废水处理技术的优化与发展 5
4.1新型电化学技术探索 5
4.2系统集成与工艺优化 6
4.3未来发展方向与挑战 7
结论 7
参考文献 9
致谢 10
