摘 要
大豆作为重要的粮油作物，其蛋白含量直接影响营养价值和加工品质。本研究旨在揭示大豆蛋白含量的遗传变异及其分子机制，为育种提供理论依据。通过收集来自不同生态区的300份大豆种质资源，利用基因组重测序技术构建了高密度SNP图谱，并结合表型数据分析了蛋白含量的遗传基础。采用全基因组关联分析（GWAS）鉴定了与蛋白含量显著相关的12个候选基因位点，其中Glyma.18g167400编码的转录因子在调控网络中起关键作用。进一步通过CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术验证了该基因对蛋白积累的影响，发现其可通过调节氮代谢途径提高蛋白合成效率。本研究首次系统解析了大豆蛋白含量的遗传结构，明确了关键调控基因的功能，为定向改良大豆蛋白品质提供了新思路，也为理解植物氮素利用效率的分子机制奠定了重要基础。
关键词：大豆蛋白含量；基因组重测序；全基因组关联分析
ABSTRACT
As an important grain and oil crop, the protein content of soybean directly affects the nutritional value and processing quality. This study aims to reveal the genetic variation and its molecular mechanism and provide a theoretical basis for breeding. By collecting 300 soybean germplasm collections from different ecological zones, high-density SNP maps were constructed using genome resequencing, and analyzed the genetic basis of protein content in combination with phenotypic data. Genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) was used to identify 12 candidate gene loci significantly associated with protein content, with the transc ription factors encoded by Glyma.18g167400 playing a key role in the regulatory network. Further, the effect of this gene on protein accumulation was verified by CRISPR / Cas 9 gene editing technology, and it was found to improve the efficiency of protein synthesis by regulating the nitrogen me tabolism pathway. This study is the first time to systematically analyze the genetic structure of soybean protein content, clarify the functions of key regulatory genes, provide a new idea for targeted improvement of soybean protein quality, and lay an important foundation for understanding the molecular mechanism of nitrogen utilization efficiency in plants.
KEY WORDS：Soy protein content; genome resequencing; genome-wide association analysis
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 国内外研究现状综述 1
1.3 研究方法与技术路线 1
第2章 大豆蛋白含量遗传变异分析 3
2.1 遗传变异的表型鉴定 3
2.2 基因型与表型关联分析 3
2.3 遗传变异的群体结构研究 4
第3章 大豆蛋白含量相关基因定位 5
3.1 数量性状位点 5
3.2 关联作图与候选基因筛选 5
3.3 基因功能注释与验证 6
第4章 分子机制解析与调控网络 7
4.1 蛋白质合成途径分析 7
4.2 信号传导通路研究 7
4.3 调控因子互作网络构建 8
第5章 结论 9
参考文献 10
致 谢 11
大豆作为重要的粮油作物，其蛋白含量直接影响营养价值和加工品质。本研究旨在揭示大豆蛋白含量的遗传变异及其分子机制，为育种提供理论依据。通过收集来自不同生态区的300份大豆种质资源，利用基因组重测序技术构建了高密度SNP图谱，并结合表型数据分析了蛋白含量的遗传基础。采用全基因组关联分析（GWAS）鉴定了与蛋白含量显著相关的12个候选基因位点，其中Glyma.18g167400编码的转录因子在调控网络中起关键作用。进一步通过CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术验证了该基因对蛋白积累的影响，发现其可通过调节氮代谢途径提高蛋白合成效率。本研究首次系统解析了大豆蛋白含量的遗传结构，明确了关键调控基因的功能，为定向改良大豆蛋白品质提供了新思路，也为理解植物氮素利用效率的分子机制奠定了重要基础。
关键词：大豆蛋白含量；基因组重测序；全基因组关联分析
ABSTRACT
As an important grain and oil crop, the protein content of soybean directly affects the nutritional value and processing quality. This study aims to reveal the genetic variation and its molecular mechanism and provide a theoretical basis for breeding. By collecting 300 soybean germplasm collections from different ecological zones, high-density SNP maps were constructed using genome resequencing, and analyzed the genetic basis of protein content in combination with phenotypic data. Genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) was used to identify 12 candidate gene loci significantly associated with protein content, with the transc ription factors encoded by Glyma.18g167400 playing a key role in the regulatory network. Further, the effect of this gene on protein accumulation was verified by CRISPR / Cas 9 gene editing technology, and it was found to improve the efficiency of protein synthesis by regulating the nitrogen me tabolism pathway. This study is the first time to systematically analyze the genetic structure of soybean protein content, clarify the functions of key regulatory genes, provide a new idea for targeted improvement of soybean protein quality, and lay an important foundation for understanding the molecular mechanism of nitrogen utilization efficiency in plants.
KEY WORDS：Soy protein content; genome resequencing; genome-wide association analysis
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 国内外研究现状综述 1
1.3 研究方法与技术路线 1
第2章 大豆蛋白含量遗传变异分析 3
2.1 遗传变异的表型鉴定 3
2.2 基因型与表型关联分析 3
2.3 遗传变异的群体结构研究 4
第3章 大豆蛋白含量相关基因定位 5
3.1 数量性状位点 5
3.2 关联作图与候选基因筛选 5
3.3 基因功能注释与验证 6
第4章 分子机制解析与调控网络 7
4.1 蛋白质合成途径分析 7
4.2 信号传导通路研究 7
4.3 调控因子互作网络构建 8
第5章 结论 9
参考文献 10
致 谢 11
