农业生态系统服务功能的评估与保护策略 -农学专业

摘要

农业生态系统服务功能对人类福祉和可持续发展至关重要，当前全球变化背景下，农业生态系统面临诸多威胁，其服务功能的评估与保护成为亟待解决的问题。本研究旨在全面评估农业生态系统的多种服务功能并提出有效的保护策略。不同类型的农业生态系统服务功能存在显著差异，其中供给服务和调节服务占据主导地位，但近年来由于不合理的人类活动影响，部分服务功能呈现下降趋势。针对上述问题，提出了以优化土地利用结构、推广绿色生产技术、加强生态保护修复为核心的保护策略，创新性地将生态系统生产总值核算引入农业领域，为实现农业生态系统的可持续管理提供了新思路，研究成果可为相关政策制定提供科学依据，有助于推动农业绿色发展转型，保障国家粮食安全和生态安全。

关键词：农业生态系统服务；生态系统服务评估；可持续管理

Evaluation and Conservation Strategies for Ecosystem Services in Agricultural Systems

ABSTRACT

Agroecosystem service function is very important to human welfare and sustainable development. Under the background of global change, agroecosystem is facing many threats, and its service function assessment and protection have become urgent problems to be solved. The purpose of this study is to comprehensively evaluate the multiple service functions of agro-ecosystems and propose effective conservation strategies. There are significant differences in the service functions of different types of agroecosystem, in which supply services and regulation services occupy the dominant position, but in recent years, some service functions show a downward trend due to the influence of unreasonable human activities. In response to the above problems, a protection strategy with the core of optimizing land use structure, promoting green production technology and strengthening ecological protection and restoration was proposed, and the gross product accounting of ecosystem was innovatively introduced into the agricultural field, providing a new idea for realizing the sustainable management of agricultural ecosystem. The research results can provide scientific basis for the formulation of relevant policies. It will help promote the transformation of green agricultural development and ensure national food security and ecological security.

KEY WORDS：Agricultural Ecosystem Services；Ecosystem Service Assessment；Sustainable Management

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

第一章引言 1

第二章农业生态系统服务功能评估体系构建 2

2.1 生态系统服务功能分类 2

2.2 评估指标体系的建立 2

2.3 数据获取与处理方法 2

第三章农业生态系统服务功能面临的威胁分析 3

3.1 自然因素对生态系统的干扰 3

3.2 人类活动对生态系统的压力 3

3.3 环境变化对服务功能的影响 3