农田杂草抗药性机理与管理策略 -农学专业

摘要

随着除草剂的广泛使用，农田杂草抗药性问题日益严重，已成为威胁全球粮食安全的重要挑战。本研究通过整合分子生物学、生态学和农学等多学科方法，系统探究了杂草抗药性的形成机制及其演化规律。采用全基因组关联分析技术，首次揭示了主要农田杂草中与抗药性相关的关键基因位点及其表达调控网络；通过长期定位试验，阐明了不同耕作模式下杂草种群动态变化特征；结合代谢组学分析，明确了杂草体内解毒酶系统的响应机制。研究发现，靶标位点突变和代谢解毒增强是杂草产生抗药性的两大主要途径，且二者存在协同效应；同时证实了轮作休耕、生物防治等生态调控措施可显著延缓抗药性发展。基于上述发现，提出了"早期预警-精准防控-生态调控"三位一体的综合管理策略，并建立了适用于不同农业生态区的杂草抗药性风险评估模型。

关键词：杂草抗药性；分子机制；生态调控；全基因组关联分析

MECHANISM AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY OF WEED RESISTANCE IN FARMLAND

ABSTRACT

With the widespread use of herbicides, the problem of weed resistance in farmland has become increasingly serious, which has become an important challenge threatening global food security. By integrating molecular biology, ecology and agronomy, this study systematically explored the formation mechanism and evolution of weed resistance. Genome-wide association analysis was used to reveal for the first time the key gene loci related to resistance in major farmland weeds and their ex pression regulatory networks. The dynamic changes of weed population under different tillage modes were elucidated through long-term positioning experiments. Combined with me tabolomics analysis, the response mechanism of detoxification enzyme system in weed was clarified. It was found that target site mutation and me tabolic detoxification enhancement were the two main ways of weed resistance, and they had synergistic effect. At the same time, ecological control measures such as crop rotation fallow and biological control can significantly delay the development of resistance. Based on the above findings, a comprehensive management strategy of "early warning, precise prevention and control, ecological regulation" was proposed, and risk assessment models for weed resistance in different agroecological zones were established.

KEY WORDS：Weed resistance; Molecular mechanism; Ecological regulation and control; Genome-wide association analysis

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

第1章绪论 2

1.1 研究背景及意义 2

1.2 农田杂草抗药性机理与管理策略研究现状 2

1.3 本文研究方法与框架 2

第2章农田杂草抗药性的生物学机理 4

2.1 杂草抗药性的遗传基础 4

2.2 杂草抗药性的生理生化机制 4

2.3 环境因素对抗药性发展的影响 4

第3章农田杂草抗药性的检测与评估方法 6