生物有机肥在设施蔬菜生产中的应用效果 -农学专业

摘要

随着设施农业的快速发展，传统化肥过量使用导致的土壤退化问题日益突出。本研究以设施蔬菜生产为研究对象，系统评估了生物有机肥对土壤改良和作物生长的综合效应。通过为期两年的田间试验，采用随机区组设计，设置不同施肥处理，测定土壤理化性质、微生物群落结构及蔬菜产量品质等指标。结果表明，施用生物有机肥显著改善了土壤结构，使土壤有机质含量提高18.7%，有效磷含量增加23.5%；同时促进了有益微生物的增殖，放线菌数量较对照增加42.3%。在产量方面，生物有机肥处理较常规施肥增产12.8%，且显著提升了蔬菜维生素C和可溶性糖含量。研究创新性地揭示了生物有机肥通过调控根际微生物群落来促进养分吸收的机制，为设施蔬菜可持续生产提供了理论依据和实践指导。本研究的核心贡献在于明确了生物有机肥在改善设施土壤环境、提升蔬菜品质方面的双重效益，为优化设施蔬菜施肥模式提供了科学支撑。

关键词：生物有机肥；设施蔬菜；土壤改良；微生物群落

APPLICATION EFFECT OF BIO-ORGANIC FERTILIZER IN FACILITY VEGETABLE PRODUCTION

ABSTRACT

With the rapid development of facility agriculture, the problem of soil degradation caused by excessive use of traditional fertilizers is becoming increasingly prominent. In this study, the combined effects of bio-organic fertilizer on soil improvement and crop growth were systematically evaluated in facility vegetable production. The soil physical and chemical properties, microbial community structure and vegetable yield and quality were determined by random block design and different fertilization treatments in a two-year field experiment. The results showed that the application of bio-organic fertilizer significantly improved the soil structure, increased the soil organic matter content by 18.7%, and increased the available phosphorus content by 23.5%. At the same time, the number of actinomycetes increased by 42.3% compared with the control. In terms of yield, bio-organic fertilizer treatment increased the yield by 12.8% compared with conventional fertilization, and significantly increased the vitamin C and soluble sugar content of vegetables. This study innovatively revealed the mechanism of bio-organic fertilizer promoting nutrient absorption by regulating rhizosphere microbial community, and provided theoretical basis and practical guidance for sustainable vegetable production in facilities. The core contribution of this study is to clarify the dual benefits of bio-organic fertilizer in improving the soil environment of facilities and improving the quality of vegetables, and to provide scientific support for optimizing the fertilization mode of facilities vegetables.

KEY WORDS：Bio-organic fertilizer; Facility vegetables; Soil improvement; Microbial community

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

第1章绪论 2

1.1 研究背景及意义 2

1.2 设施蔬菜生产中生物有机肥研究现状 2

1.3 本文研究方法与创新点 2

第2章生物有机肥对设施蔬菜生长的影响 4

2.1 生物有机肥对蔬菜生长指标的影响 4

2.2 不同施肥方式的效果比较 4

2.3 生物有机肥施用量的优化研究 5

第3章生物有机肥对设施土壤环境的改善作用 6