水肥一体化技术在干旱区农业生产中的应用 -农学专业

摘要

本研究针对干旱区农业生产面临的水资源短缺和肥料利用率低等突出问题，系统探讨了水肥一体化技术的应用效果及其优化策略。通过为期两年的田间试验，采用对比分析法研究了不同灌溉方式与施肥模式对玉米产量、水分利用效率和氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明，水肥一体化技术较传统灌溉施肥方式显著提高了作物产量和资源利用效率，其中滴灌结合精准施肥模式表现最优，玉米产量提高23.5%，水分利用效率提升31.2%，氮肥利用率增加18.7%。研究创新性地提出了基于土壤墒情监测的智能决策系统，实现了水肥供给的动态调控，为干旱区农业可持续发展提供了新的技术路径。通过建立水肥耦合模型，明确了不同生育期作物对水肥需求的时空变化规律，为精准化管理提供了理论依据。研究成果在西北干旱区推广应用后，有效缓解了水资源短缺压力，提高了农业生产效益，对促进区域农业现代化具有重要的实践意义。

关键词：水肥一体化；干旱区农业；精准施肥；滴灌技术

APPLICATION OF INTEGRATED TECHNOLOGY OF WATER AND FERTILIZER IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN ARID REGION

ABSTRACT

Aiming at the prominent problems of water resource shortage and low fertilizer utilization rate in arid region, this study systematically discussed the application effect and optimization strategy of water and fertilizer integration technology. The effects of different irrigation methods and fertilization modes on maize yield, water use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency were studied by comparative analysis in a two-year field experiment. The results showed that the integrated technology of water and fertilizer significantly improved crop yield and resource use efficiency compared with the traditional irrigation and fertilization methods, among which drip irrigation combined with precision fertilization showed the best performance, with corn yield increased by 23.5%, water use efficiency increased by 31.2%, and nitrogen use efficiency increased by 18.7%. The research innovatively proposed an intelligent decision-making system based on soil moisture monitoring, realized the dynamic control of water and fertilizer supply, and provided a new technical path for the sustainable development of agriculture in arid areas. By establishing the coupling model of water and fertilizer, the spatio-temporal variation law of water and fertilizer demand of crops at different growth stages was clarified, which provided a theoretical basis for precise management. After the application of the research results in the northwest arid area, it effectively alleviates the pressure of water shortage, improves the efficiency of agricultural production, and has important practical significance for promoting regional agricultural modernization.

KEY WORDS：Integration of water and fertilizer; Agriculture in arid areas; Precise fertilization; Drip irrigation technique

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

第1章绪论 2

1.1 研究背景及意义 2

1.2 干旱区农业水肥管理研究现状 2

第2章水肥一体化技术原理与系统构成 3

2.1 水肥一体化技术基本原理 3

2.2 灌溉系统与施肥装置集成 3

2.3 自动化控制与监测系统 4

2.4 干旱区适用性分析 4

第3章干旱区作物水肥需求特征研究 5