设施农业土壤微生物群落结构演变 -农学专业

摘要

设施农业作为现代农业的重要形式，其土壤微生物群落结构对作物生长和土壤健康具有重要影响。本研究旨在揭示设施农业条件下土壤微生物群落的演变规律及其驱动机制，为优化设施农业管理提供科学依据。研究选取中国北方典型设施蔬菜种植区为研究对象，采用高通量测序技术结合生物信息学分析，系统研究了不同种植年限设施土壤中细菌和真菌群落的组成、多样性及功能特征变化。结果表明，随着种植年限的增加，土壤微生物群落结构发生显著变化，细菌多样性呈下降趋势，而真菌多样性则呈现先升高后降低的变化规律。在门水平上，变形菌门和放线菌门的相对丰度随种植年限增加而显著降低，而子囊菌门的相对丰度则显著升高。功能预测分析显示，与氮循环相关的微生物功能基因丰度随种植年限增加而显著降低，表明长期设施农业可能导致土壤氮素转化功能减弱。进一步分析表明，土壤pH值、有机质含量和速效养分是驱动微生物群落演变的关键环境因子。

关键词：设施农业；土壤微生物群落；种植年限；环境驱动机制

EVOLUTION OF SOIL MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE IN FACILITY AGRICULTURE

ABSTRACT

As an important form of modern agriculture, the soil microbial community structure of facility agriculture has an important effect on crop growth and soil health. The purpose of this study was to reveal the evolution of soil microbial community and its driving mechanism under the conditions of facility agriculture, and to provide scientific basis for optimizing the management of facility agriculture. Using high-throughput sequencing technology combined with bioinformatics analysis, the composition, diversity and functional characteristics of bacterial and fungal communities in soil under different planting years of facilities in northern China were systematically studied. The results showed that with the increase of planting years, the soil microbial community structure changed significantly, the bacterial diversity showed a downward trend, and the fungal diversity showed a change law of first increasing and then decreasing. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and actinomycetes decreased significantly with the increase of planting years, while the relative abundance of ascomycetes increased significantly. Functional prediction analysis showed that the abundance of microbial functional genes related to nitrogen cycle decreased significantly with the increase of planting years, suggesting that long-term facility agriculture may lead to the weakening of soil nitrogen conversion function. Further analysis showed that soil pH, organic matter content and available nutrients were the key environmental factors driving microbial community evolution.

KEY WORDS：Facility agriculture; Soil microbial community; Planting years; Environment driving mechanism

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

第1章绪论 2

1.1 研究背景及意义 2

1.2 设施农业土壤微生物群落研究现状 2

第2章设施农业土壤微生物群落结构特征 3

2.1 设施农业土壤微生物多样性分析 3

2.2 设施农业土壤微生物功能群演变 3

2.3 设施农业土壤微生物与环境因子关系 4

第3章设施农业土壤微生物群落驱动机制 5

3.1 设施农业管理措施对微生物群落的影响 5