土壤微生物群落与作物健康关系 -农学专业

摘要

土壤微生物群落在维持作物健康与农业生态系统功能中扮演着关键角色，但其具体作用机制尚未完全阐明。本研究旨在揭示土壤微生物群落结构与功能对作物健康的影响，并探索其潜在调控途径。通过高通量测序技术结合田间试验，分析了不同耕作方式下土壤微生物群落的多样性、组成及其代谢功能，同时评估了作物生长指标与病害发生率的变化。研究发现，土壤微生物群落的多样性与作物健康呈显著正相关，其中特定功能菌群如固氮菌、解磷菌和拮抗菌的丰度对作物抗病性和产量提升具有重要作用。此外，有机耕作模式显著提高了土壤微生物群落的多样性和功能活性，降低了土传病害的发生率。研究还发现，土壤pH值、有机质含量和水分条件是影响微生物群落结构的关键环境因子。基于以上结果，本研究提出了通过优化耕作方式和土壤管理策略来调控微生物群落、促进作物健康的可行性方案。

关键词：土壤微生物群落；作物健康；有机耕作；功能菌群

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOIL MICROBIAL COMMUNITY AND CROP HEALTH

ABSTRACT

Soil microbial communities play a key role in maintaining crop health and agro-ecosystem function, but their specific mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to reveal the effects of soil microbial community structure and function on crop health and explore its potential regulatory pathways. The diversity, composition and me tabolic function of soil microbial communities under different tillage methods were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology combined with field experiments, and the changes of crop growth indexes and disease incidence were evaluated. It was found that the diversity of soil microbial community was significantly positively correlated with crop health, and the abundance of specific functional bacteria such as azotobacter, phosphorus solubilizer and antagonistic bacteria played an important role in crop disease resistance and yield improvement. In addition, organic farming significantly increased the diversity and functional activity of soil microbial communities and reduced the incidence of soil-borne diseases. It was also found that soil pH value, organic matter content and water condition were the key environmental factors affecting microbial community structure. Based on the above results, this study proposed a feasible scheme to regulate microbial communities and promote crop health by optimizing tillage methods and soil management strategies.

KEY WORDS：Soil microbial community; Crop health; Organic farming; Functional flora

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

第1章绪论 2

1.1 研究背景及意义 2

1.2 土壤微生物群落与作物健康关系的研究现状 2

第2章土壤微生物群落的组成与功能 4

2.1 土壤微生物群落的主要类群 4

2.2 微生物群落在土壤生态系统中的作用 4

2.3 微生物群落对作物生长的影响机制 5

第3章土壤微生物群落与作物健康的相互作用 6

3.1 微生物群落对作物病害的抑制作用 6