新型生物农药对小麦病害的防治效果 -农学专业

摘要

随着化学农药对环境和人体健康潜在危害的日益凸显，开发高效、低毒的新型生物农药成为农业可持续发展的重要方向。本研究针对小麦主要病害，筛选并评估了一种新型生物农药的防治效果及其作用机制。通过室内毒力测定和田间试验相结合的方法，系统研究了该生物农药对小麦赤霉病、白粉病和纹枯病的防治效果，并分析了其对小麦生长及土壤微生物群落的影响。结果表明，该生物农药对三种病害的防治效果显著，其中对赤霉病的防效达到85.3%，优于常规化学药剂；同时能够促进小麦根系发育，提高产量12.7%。进一步研究发现，该生物农药通过诱导植物系统抗性和抑制病原菌孢子萌发等多重机制发挥防治作用。与传统化学农药相比，其对土壤微生物多样性的负面影响显著降低，有利于维持农田生态系统的稳定性。

关键词：生物农药；小麦病害；赤霉病；系统抗性

EFFECT OF NEW BIOLOGICAL PESTICIDES ON WHEAT DISEASE CONTROL

ABSTRACT

With the increasing potential harm of chemical pesticides to the environment and human health, the development of new biological pesticides with high efficiency and low toxicity has become an important direction of sustainable development of agriculture. This study screened and evaluated the control effect and mechanism of a new biological pesticide against major wheat diseases. The control effect of this biopesticide on wheat scab, powdery mildew and dry dry blight was studied systematically through laboratory virulence test and field experiment. The effects of this biopesticide on wheat growth and soil microbial community were analyzed. The results showed that the biological pesticide had remarkable control effect on the three diseases, and the control effect on scab was 85.3%, which was better than that of conventional chemical agents. At the same time, it can promote the root development of wheat and increase the yield by 12.7%. Further studies showed that the biopesticide played a preventive role by inducing plant systemic resistance and inhibiting pathogen spore germination. Compared with traditional chemical pesticides, its negative impact on soil microbial diversity is significantly reduced, which is conducive to maintaining the stability of farmland ecosystem.

KEY WORDS：Biological pesticides; Wheat disease; Scab; Systemic resistance

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

第1章绪论 2

1.1 研究背景及意义 2

1.2 研究现状分析 2

第2章新型生物农药的作用机制 3

2.1 生物农药的活性成分分析 3

2.2 对小麦病害的抑制作用机理 3

2.3 与传统化学农药的对比研究 4

第3章新型生物农药的田间试验效果 6

3.1 试验设计与实施方法 6