农田土壤退化原因及修复技术研究进展
摘 要
农田土壤退化是全球农业可持续发展面临的重要挑战之一，尤其在中国，由于长期的高强度耕作、不合理的施肥和农药使用，以及气候变化等因素，土壤结构破坏、养分失衡和有机质含量下降等问题日益严重。本研究旨在系统分析农田土壤退化的主要原因，并探讨有效的修复技术。通过文献综述与实地调查相结合的方法，研究发现，过度耕作、化肥过量施用和水土流失是导致土壤退化的三大主要因素。在此基础上，本文提出了基于生态修复的综合治理策略，包括生物炭改良、微生物修复和轮作休耕等技术手段。研究表明，生物炭的施用能够显著提高土壤有机质含量和保水能力，而微生物修复技术则有助于恢复土壤微生物群落结构，增强土壤自净能力。
关键词：农田土壤退化；生态修复；生物炭改良
RESEARCH PROGRESS OF THE CAUSES OF FARMLAND SOIL DEGRADATION AND ITS REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGY
ABSTRACT
Farmland soil degradation is one of the important challenges facing the sustainable development of global agriculture. Especially in China, due to long-term intensive tillage, unreasonable fertilization and pesticide use, soil structure damage, nutrient imbalance and declining organic matter content, and climate change. This study aimed to systematically analyze the main causes of farmland soil degradation and explore effective remediation techniques. Through the method of combining literature review and field investigation, it is found that excessive tillage, excessive fertilizer application and soil erosion are the three main factors leading to soil degradation. On this basis, this paper proposes comprehensive management strategies based on ecological restoration, including biochar improvement, microbial remediation, and crop rotation and fallow. Studies show that the application of biochar can significantly improve the soil organic matter content and water retention capacity, while the microbial remediation technology can help to restore the soil microbial community structure and enhance the soil self-purification ability.
KEY WORDS：Farmland soil degradation; ecological restoration; biochar improvement
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 研究目的和内容 1
第2章 农田土壤退化的主要原因分析 2
2.1 农业活动对土壤的长期影响 2
2.2 气候变化与土壤退化的关系 2
2.3 工业污染对农田土壤的侵蚀 3
第3章 农田土壤退化修复技术的分类与应用 4
3.1 物理修复技术及其适用性分析 4
3.2 化学修复技术的效果与局限性 4
3.3 生物修复技术的创新与实践 4
第4章 中国农田土壤修复案例研究与政策建议 6
4.1 典型地区农田土壤修复案例分析 6
4.2 国内外土壤修复技术的对比研究 6
4.3 促进农田土壤修复的政策建议 7
第5章 结论 8
参考文献 9
致 谢 10
摘 要
农田土壤退化是全球农业可持续发展面临的重要挑战之一，尤其在中国，由于长期的高强度耕作、不合理的施肥和农药使用，以及气候变化等因素，土壤结构破坏、养分失衡和有机质含量下降等问题日益严重。本研究旨在系统分析农田土壤退化的主要原因，并探讨有效的修复技术。通过文献综述与实地调查相结合的方法，研究发现，过度耕作、化肥过量施用和水土流失是导致土壤退化的三大主要因素。在此基础上，本文提出了基于生态修复的综合治理策略，包括生物炭改良、微生物修复和轮作休耕等技术手段。研究表明，生物炭的施用能够显著提高土壤有机质含量和保水能力，而微生物修复技术则有助于恢复土壤微生物群落结构，增强土壤自净能力。
关键词：农田土壤退化；生态修复；生物炭改良
RESEARCH PROGRESS OF THE CAUSES OF FARMLAND SOIL DEGRADATION AND ITS REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGY
ABSTRACT
Farmland soil degradation is one of the important challenges facing the sustainable development of global agriculture. Especially in China, due to long-term intensive tillage, unreasonable fertilization and pesticide use, soil structure damage, nutrient imbalance and declining organic matter content, and climate change. This study aimed to systematically analyze the main causes of farmland soil degradation and explore effective remediation techniques. Through the method of combining literature review and field investigation, it is found that excessive tillage, excessive fertilizer application and soil erosion are the three main factors leading to soil degradation. On this basis, this paper proposes comprehensive management strategies based on ecological restoration, including biochar improvement, microbial remediation, and crop rotation and fallow. Studies show that the application of biochar can significantly improve the soil organic matter content and water retention capacity, while the microbial remediation technology can help to restore the soil microbial community structure and enhance the soil self-purification ability.
KEY WORDS：Farmland soil degradation; ecological restoration; biochar improvement
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 研究目的和内容 1
第2章 农田土壤退化的主要原因分析 2
2.1 农业活动对土壤的长期影响 2
2.2 气候变化与土壤退化的关系 2
2.3 工业污染对农田土壤的侵蚀 3
第3章 农田土壤退化修复技术的分类与应用 4
3.1 物理修复技术及其适用性分析 4
3.2 化学修复技术的效果与局限性 4
3.3 生物修复技术的创新与实践 4
第4章 中国农田土壤修复案例研究与政策建议 6
4.1 典型地区农田土壤修复案例分析 6
4.2 国内外土壤修复技术的对比研究 6
4.3 促进农田土壤修复的政策建议 7
第5章 结论 8
参考文献 9
致 谢 10
