猪蓝耳病病毒变异及其对养殖业的影响
摘 要
猪蓝耳病病毒作为严重危害全球养猪业的重要病原体，其快速变异特性对疾病防控构成重大挑战。本研究旨在系统分析PRRSV的遗传变异特征及其对养殖业的潜在影响，为制定有效的防控策略提供科学依据。通过采集2018-2022年间我国主要养猪地区的临床样本，采用高通量测序技术对PRRSV全基因组进行测序分析，结合生物信息学方法构建系统发育树并分析关键抗原位点的变异特征。研究结果表明，我国PRRSV流行毒株呈现显著的遗传多样性，其中以NADC30-like和HP-PRRSV为主要流行谱系，且存在多个重组事件。特别值得注意的是，在GP5蛋白中发现了多个新的抗原表位变异位点，这些变异可能影响病毒的免疫逃逸能力。基于流行病学调查数据，研究发现病毒变异与疫苗保护效果下降、疾病暴发频率增加之间存在显著相关性。
关键词：猪蓝耳病病毒；遗传变异；基因组重组
PORCINE BLUE-EAR DISEASE VIRUS VARIATION AND ITS IMPACT ON AQUACULTURE
ABSTRACT
As an important pathogen that seriously harms the global pig industry, the swine blue ear virus poses a major challenge to disease prevention and control. This study aims to systematically analyze the genetic variation characteristics of PRRSV and its potential impact on aquaculture, and to provide a scientific basis for developing effective prevention and control strategies. By collecting clinical samples from major pig raising areas in China from 2018 to 2022, high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the whole genome of PRRSV by sequencing, and we constructed a phylogenetic tree and analyze the variation characteristics of key antigenic sites. The results show that the circulating PRRSV epidemic strains in China show significant genetic diversity, in which NADC30-like and HP-PRRSV are the main epidemic lineages with multiple recombination events. Of particular interest is the identification of multiple novel epitope variants in the GP5 protein that may affect the immune escape capacity of the virus. Based on epidemiological survey data, a significant correlation was found between viral variation and decreased efficacy of vaccine protection and increased frequency of disease outbreaks.
KEY WORDS：Porcine blue-ear disease virus; genetic variation; genome recombination
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 研究现状分析 1
第2章 猪蓝耳病病毒的分子变异特征 3
2.1 病毒基因组结构与变异机制 3
2.2 主要毒株的遗传演化分析 3
2.3 病毒抗原性变异特征研究 4
第3章 病毒变异对疾病流行的影响 5
3.1 病毒变异与传播能力的关系 5
3.2 不同毒株的致病性差异分析 5
3.3 疫苗免疫效果的变化趋势 6
第4章 病毒变异对养殖业的经济影响 7
4.1 疫情暴发对生产性能的影响评估 7
4.2 防控成本增加的经济负担分析 7
4.3 国际贸易限制带来的经济损失 8
第5章 结论 9
参考文献 10
致 谢 11
摘 要
猪蓝耳病病毒作为严重危害全球养猪业的重要病原体，其快速变异特性对疾病防控构成重大挑战。本研究旨在系统分析PRRSV的遗传变异特征及其对养殖业的潜在影响，为制定有效的防控策略提供科学依据。通过采集2018-2022年间我国主要养猪地区的临床样本，采用高通量测序技术对PRRSV全基因组进行测序分析，结合生物信息学方法构建系统发育树并分析关键抗原位点的变异特征。研究结果表明，我国PRRSV流行毒株呈现显著的遗传多样性，其中以NADC30-like和HP-PRRSV为主要流行谱系，且存在多个重组事件。特别值得注意的是，在GP5蛋白中发现了多个新的抗原表位变异位点，这些变异可能影响病毒的免疫逃逸能力。基于流行病学调查数据，研究发现病毒变异与疫苗保护效果下降、疾病暴发频率增加之间存在显著相关性。
关键词：猪蓝耳病病毒；遗传变异；基因组重组
PORCINE BLUE-EAR DISEASE VIRUS VARIATION AND ITS IMPACT ON AQUACULTURE
ABSTRACT
As an important pathogen that seriously harms the global pig industry, the swine blue ear virus poses a major challenge to disease prevention and control. This study aims to systematically analyze the genetic variation characteristics of PRRSV and its potential impact on aquaculture, and to provide a scientific basis for developing effective prevention and control strategies. By collecting clinical samples from major pig raising areas in China from 2018 to 2022, high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the whole genome of PRRSV by sequencing, and we constructed a phylogenetic tree and analyze the variation characteristics of key antigenic sites. The results show that the circulating PRRSV epidemic strains in China show significant genetic diversity, in which NADC30-like and HP-PRRSV are the main epidemic lineages with multiple recombination events. Of particular interest is the identification of multiple novel epitope variants in the GP5 protein that may affect the immune escape capacity of the virus. Based on epidemiological survey data, a significant correlation was found between viral variation and decreased efficacy of vaccine protection and increased frequency of disease outbreaks.
KEY WORDS：Porcine blue-ear disease virus; genetic variation; genome recombination
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 研究现状分析 1
第2章 猪蓝耳病病毒的分子变异特征 3
2.1 病毒基因组结构与变异机制 3
2.2 主要毒株的遗传演化分析 3
2.3 病毒抗原性变异特征研究 4
第3章 病毒变异对疾病流行的影响 5
3.1 病毒变异与传播能力的关系 5
3.2 不同毒株的致病性差异分析 5
3.3 疫苗免疫效果的变化趋势 6
第4章 病毒变异对养殖业的经济影响 7
4.1 疫情暴发对生产性能的影响评估 7
4.2 防控成本增加的经济负担分析 7
4.3 国际贸易限制带来的经济损失 8
第5章 结论 9
参考文献 10
致 谢 11
