摘 要
随着抗生素在动物疾病防治中的广泛应用，耐药性问题日益严重，开发新型抗生素替代品成为全球关注的热点。本研究旨在探索以植物提取物、益生菌和抗菌肽为代表的天然替代品在动物疾病防控中的潜力及其作用机制。通过体外抗菌实验、动物模型验证及分子生物学分析等方法，系统评估了多种替代品对常见病原菌的抑制效果及其对宿主免疫功能的调节作用。结果显示，特定植物提取物和抗菌肽表现出显著的广谱抗菌活性，且能有效降低耐药菌株的存活率；益生菌则通过改善肠道微生态平衡，增强动物机体免疫力。本研究创新性地提出了基于多靶点协同作用的替代策略，并首次验证了某些天然化合物与益生菌联合使用时的增效机制，为减少抗生素依赖提供了新思路。研究结果表明，这些替代品在保障动物健康、提高养殖效率的同时，能够显著降低耐药性风险，具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。
关键词：抗生素替代品；耐药性；植物提取物；抗菌肽；益生菌
RESEARCH AND APPLICATION OF NOVEL ANTIBIOTIC ALTERNATIVES IN THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF ANIMAL DISEASES
ABSTRACT
With the widespread use of antibiotics in the prevention and treatment of animal diseases, the issue of antibiotic resistance has become increasingly severe, prompting global attention to the development of novel antibiotic alternatives. This study investigates the potential and mechanisms of natural substitutes, including plant extracts, probiotics, and antimicrobial peptides, in the context of animal disease control. Through in vitro antibacterial experiments, animal model validations, and molecular biological analyses, multiple alternatives were systematically evaluated for their inhibitory effects on common pathogens and their regulatory roles in host immune function. The results demonstrated that specific plant extracts and antimicrobial peptides exhibit significant broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and effectively reduce the survival rate of resistant strains. Probiotics, on the other hand, enhance animal immunity by improving gut microbiota balance. Innovatively, this study proposes a substitution strategy based on multi-target synergistic effects and provides the first validation of the enhanced mechanisms when certain natural compounds are used in combination with probiotics, offering new insights into reducing antibiotic dependence. The findings indicate that these alternatives not only safeguard animal health and improve farming efficiency but also significantly mitigate the risk of antibiotic resistance, highlighting important theoretical implications and practical applications.
KEY WORDS：Antibiotics Alternatives；Drug Resistance；Plant Extracts；Antimicrobial Peptides；Probiotics
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第一章 绪论 1
1.1 新型抗生素替代品研究背景与意义 1
1.2 替代品在动物疾病防治中的研究现状 1
1.3 本文研究方法与技术路线 1
第二章 替代品的种类与作用机制 2
2.1 天然植物提取物的作用机制 2
2.2 益生菌在疾病防治中的应用 2
2.3 酶制剂与抗菌肽的功能特性 2
第三章 替代品在动物疾病防治中的应用效果 3
3.1 在禽类疾病防治中的应用分析 3
3.2 在畜类疾病防治中的实践效果 3
3.3 替代品对水产养殖的影响评估 4
第四章 替代品推广的技术挑战与解决方案 4
4.1 替代品稳定性与生产工艺优化 4
4.2 成本控制与经济效益分析 5
4.3 法规标准与市场准入问题 5
结 论 6
参考文献 7
致 谢 8
随着抗生素在动物疾病防治中的广泛应用，耐药性问题日益严重，开发新型抗生素替代品成为全球关注的热点。本研究旨在探索以植物提取物、益生菌和抗菌肽为代表的天然替代品在动物疾病防控中的潜力及其作用机制。通过体外抗菌实验、动物模型验证及分子生物学分析等方法，系统评估了多种替代品对常见病原菌的抑制效果及其对宿主免疫功能的调节作用。结果显示，特定植物提取物和抗菌肽表现出显著的广谱抗菌活性，且能有效降低耐药菌株的存活率；益生菌则通过改善肠道微生态平衡，增强动物机体免疫力。本研究创新性地提出了基于多靶点协同作用的替代策略，并首次验证了某些天然化合物与益生菌联合使用时的增效机制，为减少抗生素依赖提供了新思路。研究结果表明，这些替代品在保障动物健康、提高养殖效率的同时，能够显著降低耐药性风险，具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。
关键词：抗生素替代品；耐药性；植物提取物；抗菌肽；益生菌
RESEARCH AND APPLICATION OF NOVEL ANTIBIOTIC ALTERNATIVES IN THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF ANIMAL DISEASES
ABSTRACT
With the widespread use of antibiotics in the prevention and treatment of animal diseases, the issue of antibiotic resistance has become increasingly severe, prompting global attention to the development of novel antibiotic alternatives. This study investigates the potential and mechanisms of natural substitutes, including plant extracts, probiotics, and antimicrobial peptides, in the context of animal disease control. Through in vitro antibacterial experiments, animal model validations, and molecular biological analyses, multiple alternatives were systematically evaluated for their inhibitory effects on common pathogens and their regulatory roles in host immune function. The results demonstrated that specific plant extracts and antimicrobial peptides exhibit significant broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and effectively reduce the survival rate of resistant strains. Probiotics, on the other hand, enhance animal immunity by improving gut microbiota balance. Innovatively, this study proposes a substitution strategy based on multi-target synergistic effects and provides the first validation of the enhanced mechanisms when certain natural compounds are used in combination with probiotics, offering new insights into reducing antibiotic dependence. The findings indicate that these alternatives not only safeguard animal health and improve farming efficiency but also significantly mitigate the risk of antibiotic resistance, highlighting important theoretical implications and practical applications.
KEY WORDS：Antibiotics Alternatives；Drug Resistance；Plant Extracts；Antimicrobial Peptides；Probiotics
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第一章 绪论 1
1.1 新型抗生素替代品研究背景与意义 1
1.2 替代品在动物疾病防治中的研究现状 1
1.3 本文研究方法与技术路线 1
第二章 替代品的种类与作用机制 2
2.1 天然植物提取物的作用机制 2
2.2 益生菌在疾病防治中的应用 2
2.3 酶制剂与抗菌肽的功能特性 2
第三章 替代品在动物疾病防治中的应用效果 3
3.1 在禽类疾病防治中的应用分析 3
3.2 在畜类疾病防治中的实践效果 3
3.3 替代品对水产养殖的影响评估 4
第四章 替代品推广的技术挑战与解决方案 4
4.1 替代品稳定性与生产工艺优化 4
4.2 成本控制与经济效益分析 5
4.3 法规标准与市场准入问题 5
结 论 6
参考文献 7
致 谢 8
