摘 要
随着全球水资源短缺和水污染问题日益严重，高效、经济的污水处理技术成为研究热点。基于生物膜法的污水处理工艺因其操作简单、运行稳定及抗冲击负荷能力强等优势，在实际应用中备受关注。然而，传统生物膜工艺仍存在处理效率低、能耗高及污泥产量大等问题，亟需优化以提升其性能。本研究旨在通过改进生物膜反应器结构、调控运行参数及引入新型功能材料，进一步提高生物膜法在污水处理中的效能。研究采用实验室规模的生物膜反应器，分别对不同填料类型、曝气强度、水力停留时间及进水有机负荷等因素进行系统分析，并结合分子生物学手段探究微生物群落结构与功能变化。结果表明，优化后的生物膜反应器在较低能耗条件下实现了更高的污染物去除率，其中化学需氧量（COD）和氨氮（NH4+-N）的去除效率分别达到95%和98%以上。此外，通过引入改性填料，显著增强了生物膜的附着性能和传质效率，同时减少了污泥产量。本研究的创新点在于提出了一种集成物理、化学与生物调控的多维度优化策略，为生物膜法的实际工程应用提供了理论支持和技术参考，具有重要的环境意义和经济价值。
关键词：生物膜反应器；污水处理；优化策略；污染物去除率；改性填料
ABSTRACT
With the increasing severity of global water scarcity and water pollution, efficient and cost-effective wastewater treatment technologies have become a research hotspot. Wastewater treatment processes based on the biofilm method have garnered significant attention in practical applications due to their advantages of simple operation, stable performance, and strong resistance to shock loads. However, traditional biofilm processes still suffer from issues such as low treatment efficiency, high energy consumption, and large sludge production, necessitating optimization to enhance their performance. This study aims to further improve the efficacy of the biofilm method in wastewater treatment by improving the structure of the biofilm reactor, regulating operational parameters, and introducing novel functional materials. A laboratory-scale biofilm reactor was employed to systematically analyze various factors, including filler types, aeration intensity, hydraulic retention time, and influent organic load, while molecular biological techniques were used to investigate changes in microbial community structure and function. The results indicate that the optimized biofilm reactor achieved higher pollutant removal rates under lower energy consumption conditions, with removal efficiencies for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) reaching over 95% and 98%, respectively. Additionally, the introduction of modified fillers significantly enhanced the attachment performance and mass transfer efficiency of the biofilm while reducing sludge production. The innovation of this study lies in proposing a multi-dimensional optimization strategy that integrates physical, chemical, and biological regulation, providing theoretical support and technical references for the practical engineering application of the biofilm method, with important environmental significance and economic value.
Keywords: Biofilm Reactor; Wastewater Treatment; Optimization Strategy; Pollutant Removal Rate; Modified Packing Material
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 生物膜法污水处理的背景与意义 1
1.2 国内外研究现状分析 1
1.3 本文研究方法概述 2
第2章 生物膜法工艺优化的关键因素分析 3
2.1 微生物种群对处理效果的影响 3
2.2 载体材料的选择与性能优化 3
2.3 水力停留时间的调控策略 4
2.4 温度与pH值的适应性研究 4
2.5 溶解氧浓度的控制技术 5
第3章 生物膜法工艺参数的优化设计 6
3.1 工艺参数的筛选与评估 6
3.2 污泥负荷与有机物去除效率的关系 6
3.3 碳氮比对脱氮除磷的影响机制 7
3.4 化学需氧量（COD）降解动力学分析 7
3.5 参数优化模型的构建与验证 8
第4章 生物膜法工艺的实际应用与改进策略 9
4.1 实际工程案例分析与问题总结 9
4.2 高效生物膜反应器的设计思路 9
4.3 新型载体材料的应用前景探讨 10
4.4 工艺运行成本的经济性评价 10
4.5 未来发展方向与技术创新点 11
结论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
