摘 要
随着全球电子产品的快速更新换代，电子废弃物（E-waste）的产生量持续攀升，其带来的环境污染与资源浪费问题日益严峻。本研究旨在探索高效、环保的电子废弃物拆解与资源回收技术，以实现废弃电子元件中有价金属和材料的最大化回收。通过综合运用物理分选、化学浸出及生物冶金等方法，构建了一套集成化的电子废弃物处理工艺流程。研究中首次提出了一种基于超声辅助浸出技术的贵金属提取方法，显著提高了金、银等稀有金属的回收率，并降低了传统酸浸工艺中的能耗与污染排放。同时，开发了一种新型模块化拆解设备，能够适应多种类型电子废弃物的自动化拆解需求，大幅提升了拆解效率与安全性。实验结果表明，该技术体系可将电子废弃物中有价金属的综合回收率提升至92%以上，且处理过程中的污染物排放量减少约60%。此外，通过对不同来源电子废弃物的成分分析与回收效益评估，建立了适用于大规模工业应用的技术经济模型。本研究不仅为电子废弃物的绿色处理提供了创新性解决方案，还为相关领域的政策制定和技术推广奠定了理论基础，具有重要的环境、经济和社会意义。
关键词：电子废弃物处理；有价金属回收；超声辅助浸出；模块化拆解设备；技术经济模型
ABSTRACT
With the rapid iteration of global electronic products, the generation of electronic waste (e-waste) continues to rise, posing increasingly severe environmental pollution and resource waste challenges. This study aims to explore efficient and environmentally friendly dismantling and resource recovery technologies for e-waste to maximize the recycling of valuable me tals and materials from discarded electronic components. By integrating physical sorting, chemical leaching, and bio-me tallurgical methods, an integrated e-waste treatment process was developed. A novel ultrasound-assisted leaching technology for precious me tal extraction was proposed for the first time, significantly enhancing the recovery rates of rare me tals such as gold and silver while reducing energy consumption and pollutant emissions associated with traditional acid leaching processes. Additionally, a new modular dismantling device was developed, capable of meeting the automated dismantling requirements for various types of e-waste, thereby greatly improving dismantling efficiency and safety. Experimental results indicate that this technological system can increase the overall recovery rate of valuable me tals in e-waste to over 92%, with a reduction in pollutant emissions during processing by approximately 60%. Furthermore, through compositional analysis and recycling benefit assessments of e-waste from different sources, a techno-economic model suitable for large-scale industrial application was established. This research not only provides innovative solutions for the green treatment of e-waste but also lays a theoretical foundation for policy formulation and technology promotion in related fields, demonstrating significant environmental, economic, and social implications.
Keywords: Electronic Waste Treatment; Valuable me tal Recovery; Ultrasonic Assisted Leaching; Modular Dismantling Equipment; Techno Economic Model
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 电子废弃物拆解与资源回收的研究背景 1
1.2 电子废弃物拆解与资源回收的技术意义 1
1.3 国内外研究现状与发展趋势 1
1.4 本文研究方法与技术路线 2
第2章 电子废弃物拆解技术分析 3
2.1 拆解技术的基本原理与分类 3
2.2 手工拆解的优劣势及改进方向 3
2.3 自动化拆解设备的研发进展 4
2.4 拆解过程中的环境影响评估 4
2.5 提高拆解效率的关键因素 5
第3章 资源回收技术路径研究 6
3.1 废弃金属材料的高效回收技术 6
3.2 稀贵金属提取的技术难点与突破 6
3.3 塑料与玻璃材料的循环利用方案 7
3.4 回收过程中能耗与成本优化策略 7
3.5 资源回收技术的经济性与可行性分析 8
第4章 电子废弃物管理与政策支持体系 9
4.1 电子废弃物管理的国际经验借鉴 9
4.2 我国电子废弃物管理体系现状分析 9
4.3 政策法规对资源回收的影响机制 10
4.4 推动电子废弃物回收的激励措施 10
4.5 构建可持续发展的管理模式 11
结论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
