摘 要
随着城市化进程的加快，城市生活垃圾的处理已成为全球性环境问题，传统的填埋方式面临土地资源紧张和二次污染等挑战，而焚烧发电技术因其高效减量化和资源化的优势受到广泛关注本研究以优化城市生活垃圾焚烧发电技术并评估其环境影响为核心目的，通过实验分析、数值模拟和生命周期评价相结合的方法，系统探讨了垃圾焚烧过程中关键参数（如温度、停留时间及氧气供给量）对燃烧效率和污染物排放的影响同时，引入先进的烟气净化技术和热能回收方案，显著提升了能源利用效率并降低了二噁英、重金属等有害物质的排放结果表明，优化后的焚烧工艺可使垃圾减容率达到90%以上，发电效率提升至25%，且单位垃圾焚烧产生的二氧化碳当量降低约30%此外，基于生命周期评价的研究发现，尽管焚烧过程存在一定的环境负担，但通过协同控制策略和技术改进，其综合环境效益优于传统填埋方式本研究的主要创新点在于提出了多目标协同优化模型，将能源效率提升与污染物减排有机结合，并为政策制定者提供了科学依据，有助于推动城市生活垃圾处理向低碳环保和可持续发展方向转型研究成果对促进焚烧发电技术的工程应用及环境管理具有重要参考价值
关键词：城市生活垃圾；焚烧发电技术；环境影响评估；多目标协同优化；污染物减排
ABSTRACT
With the acceleration of urbanization, the treatment of municipal solid waste (MSW) has become a global environmental concern. Traditional landfill methods face challenges such as limited land resources and secondary pollution, while incineration for power generation has attracted significant attention due to its advantages in efficient volume reduction and resource recovery. This study focuses on optimizing MSW incineration technology and evaluating its environmental impacts through an integrated approach combining experimental analysis, numerical simulation, and life cycle assessment. The research systematically investigates the influence of key parameters during incineration, including temperature, residence time, and oxygen supply, on combustion efficiency and pollutant emissions. Advanced flue gas purification technologies and thermal energy recovery schemes are introduced, significantly enhancing energy utilization efficiency and reducing the emissions of harmful substances such as dioxins and heavy me tals. Results indicate that the optimized incineration process achieves a waste volume reduction rate exceeding 90%, increases power generation efficiency to 25%, and reduces the carbon dioxide equivalent emissions per unit of waste incinerated by approximately 30%. Additionally, life cycle assessment reveals that, despite certain environmental burdens associated with incineration, the comprehensive environmental benefits surpass those of traditional landfill methods when synergistic control strategies and technological improvements are implemented. A major innovation of this study lies in the proposal of a multi-ob jective协同optimization model that integrates the enhancement of energy efficiency with pollutant reduction, providing scientific support for policymakers and promoting the transition of MSW management towards low-carbon, environmentally friendly, and sustainable development. The findings offer valuable references for advancing the engineering application of incineration power generation technology and improving environmental management practices.
Keywords: Urban Household Waste; Incineration Power Generation Technology; Environmental Impact Assessment; Multi-ob jective Synergistic Optimization; Pollutant Emission Reduction
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 2
1.1 城市生活垃圾焚烧发电技术的研究背景 2
1.2 城市生活垃圾焚烧发电技术的优化意义 2
1.3 国内外研究现状与发展趋势 3
1.4 本文研究方法与技术路线 3
第2章 垃圾焚烧发电技术优化的关键因素分析 4
2.1 焚烧过程中的热能利用效率提升 4
2.2 垃圾预处理技术对发电效率的影响 4
2.3 焚烧炉设计参数的优化策略 5
2.4 能量转换系统的改进措施 5
2.5 技术优化的经济性评估 6
第3章 垃圾焚烧发电的环境影响评价体系构建 7
3.1 环境影响评价的基本框架与原则 7
3.2 污染物排放特征及控制技术分析 7
3.3 焚烧残渣的资源化利用途径 8
3.4 环境风险评估与管理对策 8
3.5 公众参与在环境影响评价中的作用 9
第4章 垃圾焚烧发电技术优化与环境影响的综合分析 10
4.1 技术优化对环境影响的缓解效果 10
4.2 生命周期评价方法的应用研究 10
4.3 不同优化方案的环境效益对比分析 11
4.4 政策支持与技术推广的可行性探讨 11
4.5 未来发展方向与潜在挑战 12
结论 13
参考文献 14
致 谢 15
