摘 要
工业固体废弃物的无害化处理与资源回收是实现可持续发展的重要环节，随着工业化进程的加速，固体废弃物的产生量持续增加，其对环境和生态系统的潜在威胁日益凸显。本研究旨在探索高效、环保的处理技术，以减少工业固体废弃物对环境的影响，并通过资源化利用提升经济和社会效益。研究采用实验分析与理论建模相结合的方法，系统评估了多种处理技术的可行性和效率，包括高温焚烧、生物降解、化学转化以及机械分选等工艺。通过对典型工业废弃物（如冶炼渣、粉煤灰和电子废弃物）的案例分析，验证了不同技术路径在实际应用中的适应性与局限性。结果表明，综合利用物理、化学和生物手段的复合处理技术能够显著提高资源回收率并降低二次污染风险。特别是针对电子废弃物的湿法冶金提取技术，实现了贵金属和稀有金属的高纯度回收，同时减少了传统火法冶炼的能耗与排放。此外，本研究提出了一种基于生命周期评价的优化模型，为工业固体废弃物处理方案的选择提供了科学依据。最终结论显示，通过技术创新与政策引导相结合的方式，可以有效推动工业固体废弃物向资源化方向转变，从而为构建循环经济体系提供重要支撑。本研究的创新点在于提出了多维度综合评估方法，并开发了适用于特定废弃物类型的高效资源回收技术，为相关领域的进一步研究奠定了基础。
关键词：工业固体废弃物；资源化利用；复合处理技术；湿法冶金提取；生命周期评价
ABSTRACT
The harmless treatment and resource recovery of industrial solid waste are crucial components for achieving sustainable development. With the acceleration of industrialization, the continuous increase in the generation of solid waste has highlighted its potential threats to the environment and ecosystems. This study aims to explore efficient and environmentally friendly treatment technologies to mitigate the environmental impact of industrial solid waste while enhancing economic and social benefits through resource utilization. By integrating experimental analysis with theoretical modeling, the feasibility and efficiency of various treatment technologies were systematically evaluated, including high-temperature incineration, biological degradation, chemical transformation, and mechanical separation processes. Case studies on typical industrial wastes, such as smelting slag, fly ash, and electronic waste, demonstrated the adaptability and limitations of different technological approaches in practical applications. The results indicate that integrated treatment technologies combining physical, chemical, and biological methods can significantly improve resource recovery rates while reducing the risk of secondary pollution. Notably, hydrome tallurgical extraction technology for electronic waste achieved high-purity recovery of precious and rare me tals, simultaneously decreasing energy consumption and emissions compared to traditional pyrome tallurgical processes. Furthermore, this study proposes an optimization model based on life cycle assessment, providing a scientific basis for selecting appropriate treatment solutions for industrial solid waste. The final conclusion suggests that combining technological innovation with policy guidance can effectively promote the transformation of industrial solid waste into resources, thereby supporting the construction of a circular economy system. The novelty of this research lies in the development of a multidimensional comprehensive evaluation method and the advancement of highly efficient resource recovery technologies tailored to specific types of waste, laying a foundation for further research in related fields.
Keywords: Industrial Solid Waste; Resource Utilization; Composite Treatment Technology; Hydrome tallurgical Extraction; Life Cycle Assessment
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 工业固体废弃物问题的背景分析 1
1.2 无害化处理与资源回收技术的意义 1
1.3 国内外研究现状综述 2
1.4 本文研究方法与技术路线 2
第2章 工业固体废弃物特性与分类 3
2.1 工业固体废弃物的主要来源 3
2.2 废弃物的物理化学特性分析 3
2.3 分类标准及其对处理技术的影响 4
2.4 特性评估在资源回收中的作用 4
2.5 不同行业废弃物的特点对比 5
第3章 无害化处理关键技术研究 6
3.1 焚烧技术及其环境影响控制 6
3.2 填埋技术的优化与改进措施 6
3.3 生物处理技术的应用前景 7
3.4 化学稳定化技术的发展现状 7
3.5 新型无害化处理技术的探索 8
第4章 资源回收技术与实践案例 9
4.1 废弃物中有价元素提取技术 9
4.2 再生材料制备与应用研究 9
4.3 能量回收技术的经济性分析 10
4.4 典型工业废弃物资源化案例分析 10
4.5 资源回收技术的未来发展方向 11
结论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
