摘 要
《活着之上》作为阎连科的一部重要作品，深刻揭示了当代社会价值观的复杂性与矛盾性。本研究以该小说为切入点，在社会学、伦理学和文学批评的多维视角下，探讨其对物质主义、功利主义及个体存在意义的批判与反思。研究旨在通过文本细读与理论分析相结合的方法，剖析小说中人物命运与社会现实之间的张力，揭示当代社会价值体系中的深层问题。结果表明，《活着之上》不仅展现了个体在生存困境中的挣扎，更提出了超越物质层面的精神追求的重要性。本研究创新性地将文学叙事与社会价值变迁相联系，强调了文学作品在社会批判中的独特作用。通过对小说主题的深入解读，研究进一步指出，当代社会应重新审视物质与精神、个人与集体之间的关系，从而构建更加平衡与和谐的价值体系。这一结论为理解文学与社会互动提供了新视角，并为相关领域的研究拓展了思路。
关键词：《活着之上》；价值体系；物质主义；精神追求；社会批判
Abstract
"Living Above" by Yan Lianke, as a significant literary work, profoundly reveals the complexity and contradictions of contemporary societal values. This study takes the novel as a point of departure and examines its critique and reflection on materialism, utilitarianism, and the meaning of individual existence from multidimensional perspectives that encompass sociology, ethics, and literary criticism. By integrating close textual reading with theoretical analysis, the study dissects the tension between character destinies and social realities portrayed in the novel, uncovering deeper issues within the value systems of contemporary society. The findings indicate that "Living Above" not only depicts individuals' struggles in existential predicaments but also underscores the importance of spiritual pursuits beyond the material level. Innovatively linking literary narratives to transformations in social values, this research highlights the unique role of literary works in social critique. Through an in-depth interpretation of the novel's themes, the study further suggests that contemporary society should reassess the relationships between matter and spirit, as well as between individuals and collectives, to construct a more balanced and harmonious value system. This conclusion provides a new perspective for understanding the interaction between literature and society and broadens the scope of thought for related fields of research.
Keywords: Living Above；Value System；Materialism；Spiritual Pursuit；Social Criticism
目 录
引言 1
一、当代社会价值观的现状分析 1
（一）物质主义的价值倾向 1
（二）功利化的人际关系 2
（三）个体意义感的缺失 2
二、《活着之上》对物质主义的批判 2
（一）物质追求与精神困境 3
（二）财富崇拜的虚妄性 3
（三）精神价值的重塑路径 3
三、《活着之上》对功利化社会的反思 4
（一）功利化行为的社会根源 4
（二）人情冷漠与信任危机 4
（三）道德重建的可能性 5
四、《活着之上》对个体意义的探索 5
（一）生存之上的人生追问 5
（二）个体价值的重新定义 5
（三）理想与现实的平衡之道 6
结 论 6
致 谢 8
参考文献 9
《活着之上》作为阎连科的一部重要作品，深刻揭示了当代社会价值观的复杂性与矛盾性。本研究以该小说为切入点，在社会学、伦理学和文学批评的多维视角下，探讨其对物质主义、功利主义及个体存在意义的批判与反思。研究旨在通过文本细读与理论分析相结合的方法，剖析小说中人物命运与社会现实之间的张力，揭示当代社会价值体系中的深层问题。结果表明，《活着之上》不仅展现了个体在生存困境中的挣扎，更提出了超越物质层面的精神追求的重要性。本研究创新性地将文学叙事与社会价值变迁相联系，强调了文学作品在社会批判中的独特作用。通过对小说主题的深入解读，研究进一步指出，当代社会应重新审视物质与精神、个人与集体之间的关系，从而构建更加平衡与和谐的价值体系。这一结论为理解文学与社会互动提供了新视角，并为相关领域的研究拓展了思路。
关键词：《活着之上》；价值体系；物质主义；精神追求；社会批判
Abstract
"Living Above" by Yan Lianke, as a significant literary work, profoundly reveals the complexity and contradictions of contemporary societal values. This study takes the novel as a point of departure and examines its critique and reflection on materialism, utilitarianism, and the meaning of individual existence from multidimensional perspectives that encompass sociology, ethics, and literary criticism. By integrating close textual reading with theoretical analysis, the study dissects the tension between character destinies and social realities portrayed in the novel, uncovering deeper issues within the value systems of contemporary society. The findings indicate that "Living Above" not only depicts individuals' struggles in existential predicaments but also underscores the importance of spiritual pursuits beyond the material level. Innovatively linking literary narratives to transformations in social values, this research highlights the unique role of literary works in social critique. Through an in-depth interpretation of the novel's themes, the study further suggests that contemporary society should reassess the relationships between matter and spirit, as well as between individuals and collectives, to construct a more balanced and harmonious value system. This conclusion provides a new perspective for understanding the interaction between literature and society and broadens the scope of thought for related fields of research.
Keywords: Living Above；Value System；Materialism；Spiritual Pursuit；Social Criticism
目 录
引言 1
一、当代社会价值观的现状分析 1
（一）物质主义的价值倾向 1
（二）功利化的人际关系 2
（三）个体意义感的缺失 2
二、《活着之上》对物质主义的批判 2
（一）物质追求与精神困境 3
（二）财富崇拜的虚妄性 3
（三）精神价值的重塑路径 3
三、《活着之上》对功利化社会的反思 4
（一）功利化行为的社会根源 4
（二）人情冷漠与信任危机 4
（三）道德重建的可能性 5
四、《活着之上》对个体意义的探索 5
（一）生存之上的人生追问 5
（二）个体价值的重新定义 5
（三）理想与现实的平衡之道 6
结 论 6
致 谢 8
参考文献 9
