摘 要
现实主义小说作为反映社会变迁与文化冲突的重要载体，为探讨城乡差异及农民工形象塑造提供了独特视角。本研究基于文学文本分析方法，选取20世纪以来具有代表性的现实主义小说，深入剖析其中的城乡对立叙事及其对农民工群体的刻画方式。研究旨在揭示城乡二元结构下农民工身份认同的复杂性，以及文学作品在社会认知建构中的作用。通过系统梳理相关理论框架，并结合文本细读与社会历史背景分析，研究发现，现实主义小说不仅展现了城乡经济、文化与心理层面的深刻差异，还通过细腻的人物描写呈现了农民工在城市化进程中的挣扎与适应。创新点在于将文学批评与社会学理论相结合，从多维角度阐释农民工形象的动态演变过程。研究表明，这些文学作品不仅是艺术表达的成果，更成为理解社会转型期城乡关系的重要媒介，为深化农民工问题的社会认知提供了独特路径。
关键词：现实主义小说；农民工形象；城乡二元结构；身份认同；文学社会功能
Abstract
Realist novels, as significant carriers reflecting social transformation and cultural conflicts, offer a unique perspective for exploring urban-rural disparities and the portrayal of migrant workers. This study employs literary text analysis, selecting representative realist novels since the 20th century, to delve into the narratives of urban-rural opposition and the depiction of migrant worker groups within these texts. It aims to reveal the complexities of identity formation among migrant workers under the dual urban-rural structure and to examine the role of literary works in shaping social cognition. By systematically reviewing relevant theoretical fr ameworks and integrating close readings of texts with socio-historical background analyses, the study finds that realist novels not only highlight profound economic, cultural, and psychological differences between urban and rural areas but also vividly portray the struggles and adaptations of migrant workers during urbanization through nuanced characterizations. The innovation lies in combining literary criticism with sociological theory to interpret the dynamic evolution of migrant worker images from multiple dimensions. The research demonstrates that these literary works are not merely artistic ex pressions but also serve as critical media for understanding urban-rural relationships during periods of social transition, providing unique insights to enhance societal awareness of issues surrounding migrant workers.
Keywords: Realism Novel；Migrant Worker Image；Urban-rural Dual Structure；Identity Recognition；Social Function Of Literature
目 录
引言 1
一、城乡差异的文学呈现 1
（一）城乡空间对比分析 1
（二）经济文化冲突表现 2
（三）社会结构变迁描写 2
二、农民工形象的历史演变 3
（一）早期农民工形象特征 3
（二）过渡期形象转变研究 3
（三）当代农民工形象塑造 3
三、现实主义手法与城乡叙事 4
（一）现实主义叙事技巧应用 4
（二）细节描写与真实感构建 4
（三）主题深化与社会批判 5
四、农民工形象的社会意义 5
（一）文学中的身份认同探讨 5
（二）社会问题的镜像反映 6
（三）文化价值的多元表达 6
结 论 7
致 谢 8
参考文献 9
现实主义小说作为反映社会变迁与文化冲突的重要载体，为探讨城乡差异及农民工形象塑造提供了独特视角。本研究基于文学文本分析方法，选取20世纪以来具有代表性的现实主义小说，深入剖析其中的城乡对立叙事及其对农民工群体的刻画方式。研究旨在揭示城乡二元结构下农民工身份认同的复杂性，以及文学作品在社会认知建构中的作用。通过系统梳理相关理论框架，并结合文本细读与社会历史背景分析，研究发现，现实主义小说不仅展现了城乡经济、文化与心理层面的深刻差异，还通过细腻的人物描写呈现了农民工在城市化进程中的挣扎与适应。创新点在于将文学批评与社会学理论相结合，从多维角度阐释农民工形象的动态演变过程。研究表明，这些文学作品不仅是艺术表达的成果，更成为理解社会转型期城乡关系的重要媒介，为深化农民工问题的社会认知提供了独特路径。
关键词：现实主义小说；农民工形象；城乡二元结构；身份认同；文学社会功能
Abstract
Realist novels, as significant carriers reflecting social transformation and cultural conflicts, offer a unique perspective for exploring urban-rural disparities and the portrayal of migrant workers. This study employs literary text analysis, selecting representative realist novels since the 20th century, to delve into the narratives of urban-rural opposition and the depiction of migrant worker groups within these texts. It aims to reveal the complexities of identity formation among migrant workers under the dual urban-rural structure and to examine the role of literary works in shaping social cognition. By systematically reviewing relevant theoretical fr ameworks and integrating close readings of texts with socio-historical background analyses, the study finds that realist novels not only highlight profound economic, cultural, and psychological differences between urban and rural areas but also vividly portray the struggles and adaptations of migrant workers during urbanization through nuanced characterizations. The innovation lies in combining literary criticism with sociological theory to interpret the dynamic evolution of migrant worker images from multiple dimensions. The research demonstrates that these literary works are not merely artistic ex pressions but also serve as critical media for understanding urban-rural relationships during periods of social transition, providing unique insights to enhance societal awareness of issues surrounding migrant workers.
Keywords: Realism Novel；Migrant Worker Image；Urban-rural Dual Structure；Identity Recognition；Social Function Of Literature
目 录
引言 1
一、城乡差异的文学呈现 1
（一）城乡空间对比分析 1
（二）经济文化冲突表现 2
（三）社会结构变迁描写 2
二、农民工形象的历史演变 3
（一）早期农民工形象特征 3
（二）过渡期形象转变研究 3
（三）当代农民工形象塑造 3
三、现实主义手法与城乡叙事 4
（一）现实主义叙事技巧应用 4
（二）细节描写与真实感构建 4
（三）主题深化与社会批判 5
四、农民工形象的社会意义 5
（一）文学中的身份认同探讨 5
（二）社会问题的镜像反映 6
（三）文化价值的多元表达 6
结 论 7
致 谢 8
参考文献 9
