摘 要
《左传》作为先秦时期重要的历史文献，其外交辞令不仅展现了春秋时期的语言艺术，还反映了当时的政治智慧与交际策略。本研究以《左传》中的外交辞令为对象，通过语料分析与跨学科视角，探讨其语言特点及交际策略。研究采用定性分析与文本细读相结合的方法，从修辞手法、语用功能和文化背景三个维度展开系统考察。结果表明，《左传》外交辞令具有高度的语境适应性、灵活多变的表达方式以及深刻的文化内涵。这些辞令通过委婉、含蓄的语言形式，在维护国家利益的同时实现了有效的沟通与协商。本研究创新性地将语用学理论引入古代文献研究，揭示了春秋时期外交话语的多层次结构及其背后的社会文化动因，为理解古代汉语交际模式提供了新视角，并对现代跨文化交流具有重要启示意义。
关键词：《左传》；外交辞令；语用功能；交际策略；文化内涵
Abstract
The Zuo Zhuan, as an important historical document from the pre-Qin period, presents not only the linguistic art of the Spring and Autumn period but also reflects the political wisdom and communicative strategies of that era. This study focuses on the diplomatic rhetoric in the Zuo Zhuan, examining its linguistic characteristics and communicative strategies through corpus analysis and interdisciplinary perspectives. By employing a combination of qualitative analysis and close reading, the research systematically investigates the rhetorical techniques, pragmatic functions, and cultural contexts of these discourses. The findings indicate that the diplomatic rhetoric in the Zuo Zhuan exhibits high contextual adaptability, flexible modes of ex pression, and profound cultural significance. Through indirect and subtle linguistic forms, these discourses effectively maintained national interests while facilitating communication and negotiation. Innovatively integrating pragmatic theory into the study of ancient texts, this research reveals the multi-layered structure of diplomatic discourse in the Spring and Autumn period and uncovers the underlying sociocultural motivations, providing new insights into ancient Chinese communicative patterns and offering significant implications for modern intercultural exchanges.
Keywords: Zuo Zhuan；Diplomatic Euphemism；Pragmatic Function；Communication Strategy；Cultural Connotation
目 录
引言 1
一、外交辞令的语言风格分析 1
（一）语言的简洁性特征 1
（二）语言的委婉性表达 2
（三）语言的修辞性运用 2
二、外交辞令的语用功能研究 2
（一）劝谏与说服的功能 3
（二）调和与化解的作用 3
（三）尊重与礼让的体现 3
三、外交辞令的交际策略探析 4
（一）情境适应策略分析 4
（二）角色定位策略探讨 4
（三）话语权力策略研究 5
四、外交辞令的文化内涵解读 5
（一）礼乐文化的语言映射 5
（二）宗法观念的言语体现 5
（三）政治智慧的辞令展现 6
结 论 6
致 谢 8
参考文献 9
《左传》作为先秦时期重要的历史文献，其外交辞令不仅展现了春秋时期的语言艺术，还反映了当时的政治智慧与交际策略。本研究以《左传》中的外交辞令为对象，通过语料分析与跨学科视角，探讨其语言特点及交际策略。研究采用定性分析与文本细读相结合的方法，从修辞手法、语用功能和文化背景三个维度展开系统考察。结果表明，《左传》外交辞令具有高度的语境适应性、灵活多变的表达方式以及深刻的文化内涵。这些辞令通过委婉、含蓄的语言形式，在维护国家利益的同时实现了有效的沟通与协商。本研究创新性地将语用学理论引入古代文献研究，揭示了春秋时期外交话语的多层次结构及其背后的社会文化动因，为理解古代汉语交际模式提供了新视角，并对现代跨文化交流具有重要启示意义。
关键词：《左传》；外交辞令；语用功能；交际策略；文化内涵
Abstract
The Zuo Zhuan, as an important historical document from the pre-Qin period, presents not only the linguistic art of the Spring and Autumn period but also reflects the political wisdom and communicative strategies of that era. This study focuses on the diplomatic rhetoric in the Zuo Zhuan, examining its linguistic characteristics and communicative strategies through corpus analysis and interdisciplinary perspectives. By employing a combination of qualitative analysis and close reading, the research systematically investigates the rhetorical techniques, pragmatic functions, and cultural contexts of these discourses. The findings indicate that the diplomatic rhetoric in the Zuo Zhuan exhibits high contextual adaptability, flexible modes of ex pression, and profound cultural significance. Through indirect and subtle linguistic forms, these discourses effectively maintained national interests while facilitating communication and negotiation. Innovatively integrating pragmatic theory into the study of ancient texts, this research reveals the multi-layered structure of diplomatic discourse in the Spring and Autumn period and uncovers the underlying sociocultural motivations, providing new insights into ancient Chinese communicative patterns and offering significant implications for modern intercultural exchanges.
Keywords: Zuo Zhuan；Diplomatic Euphemism；Pragmatic Function；Communication Strategy；Cultural Connotation
目 录
引言 1
一、外交辞令的语言风格分析 1
（一）语言的简洁性特征 1
（二）语言的委婉性表达 2
（三）语言的修辞性运用 2
二、外交辞令的语用功能研究 2
（一）劝谏与说服的功能 3
（二）调和与化解的作用 3
（三）尊重与礼让的体现 3
三、外交辞令的交际策略探析 4
（一）情境适应策略分析 4
（二）角色定位策略探讨 4
（三）话语权力策略研究 5
四、外交辞令的文化内涵解读 5
（一）礼乐文化的语言映射 5
（二）宗法观念的言语体现 5
（三）政治智慧的辞令展现 6
结 论 6
致 谢 8
参考文献 9
